OpenUniverse2024: A shared, simulated view of the sky for the next generation of cosmological surveys

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dc.contributor.authorOpenUniverse
dc.contributor.authorThe LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration
dc.contributor.authorThe Roman HLIS Project Infrastructure Team
dc.contributor.authorThe Roman RAPID Project Infrastructure Team Team
dc.contributor.authorThe Roman Supernova Cosmology Project Infrastructure Team
dc.contributor.authorAlarcon, A.
dc.contributor.authorAldoroty, L.
dc.contributor.authorBeltz-Mohrmann, G.
dc.contributor.authorBera, A.
dc.contributor.authorBlazek, J.
dc.contributor.authorBogart, J.
dc.contributor.authorBraeunlich, G.
dc.contributor.authorBroughton, A.
dc.contributor.authorCao, K.
dc.contributor.authorChiang, J.
dc.contributor.authorChisari, N. E.
dc.contributor.authorDesai, V.
dc.contributor.authorFang, Y.
dc.contributor.authorGalbany, L.
dc.contributor.authorHearin, A.
dc.contributor.authorHeitmann, K.
dc.contributor.authorHirata, C.
dc.contributor.authorHounsell, Rebekah
dc.contributor.authorJain, B.
dc.contributor.authorJarvis, M.
dc.contributor.authorJencson, J.
dc.contributor.authorKannawadi, A.
dc.contributor.authorKasliwal, M. K.
dc.contributor.authorKessler, R.
dc.contributor.authorKiessling, A.
dc.contributor.authorKnop, R.
dc.contributor.authorKovacs, E.
dc.contributor.authorLaher, R.
dc.contributor.authorLaliotis, K.
dc.contributor.authorLin, C.
dc.contributor.authorLopes, I.
dc.contributor.authorMahabal, A.
dc.contributor.authorMandelbaum, R.
dc.contributor.authorMasiero, J.
dc.contributor.authorMau, S.
dc.contributor.authorMeehan, C.
dc.contributor.authorMeyers, J.
dc.contributor.authorMoraes, B.
dc.contributor.authorPaladini, R.
dc.contributor.authorPearl, A.
dc.contributor.authorMalagon, A. Plazas
dc.contributor.authorRose, B.
dc.contributor.authorRubin, D.
dc.contributor.authorRusholme, B.
dc.contributor.authorSantos, A.
dc.contributor.author奱r?evi?, N.
dc.contributor.authorScolnic, D.
dc.contributor.authorTroxel, M. A.
dc.contributor.authorAlfen, N. Van
dc.contributor.authorDyke, S. Van
dc.contributor.authorWalter, C. W.
dc.contributor.authorWu, T.
dc.contributor.authorYamamoto, M.
dc.contributor.authorYan, Y.
dc.contributor.authorZhang, T.
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-31T18:24:13Z
dc.date.available2025-01-31T18:24:13Z
dc.date.issued2025-01-10
dc.description.abstractThe OpenUniverse2024 simulation suite is a cross-collaboration effort to produce matched simulated imaging for multiple surveys as they would observe a common simulated sky. Both the simulated data and associated tools used to produce it are intended to uniquely enable a wide range of studies to maximize the science potential of the next generation of cosmological surveys. We have produced simulated imaging for approximately 70 deg² of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Wide-Fast-Deep survey and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope High-Latitude Wide-Area Survey, as well as overlapping versions of the ELAIS-S1 Deep-Drilling Field for LSST and the High-Latitude Time-Domain Survey for Roman. OpenUniverse2024 includes i) an early version of the updated extragalactic model called Diffsky, which substantially improves the realism of optical and infrared photometry of objects, compared to previous versions of these models; ii) updated transient models that extend through the wavelength range probed by Roman and Rubin; and iii) improved survey, telescope, and instrument realism based on up-to-date survey plans and known properties of the instruments. It is built on a new and updated suite of simulation tools that improves the ease of consistently simulating multiple observatories viewing the same sky. The approximately 400 TB of synthetic survey imaging and simulated universe catalogs are publicly available, and we preview some scientific uses of the simulations.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported in part by the OpenUniverse effort, which is funded by NASA under JPL Contract Task 70-711320, "Maximizing Science Exploitation of Simulated Cosmological Survey Data Across Surveys". Argonne National Laboratory’s work was supported under the U.S. Department of Energy contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. The DESC acknowledges ongoing support from the Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules in France; the Science & Technology Facilities Council in the United Kingdom; and the Department of Energy, the National Science Foundation, and the LSST Corporation in the United States. DESC uses resources of the IN2P3 Computing Center (CC-IN2P3–Lyon/Villeurbanne - France) funded by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02- 05CH11231; STFC DiRAC HPC Facilities, funded by UK BIS National E-infrastructure capital grants; and the UK particle physics grid, supported by the GridPP Collaboration. This work was performed in part under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. Work in the Roman HLIS PIT is supported by NASA grant 22- ROMAN11-0011, "Maximizing Cosmological Science with the Roman High Latitude Imaging Survey." Work in the Roman SN PIT is supported by NASA under award number 80NSSC24M0023, "A Roman PIT to Support Cosmological Measurements with Type Ia Supernovae". Work in the RAPID PIT is supported by NASA under the award number 80NSSC24M0020, "RAPID: Roman Alerts Promptly from Image Differencing". The SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, operated under DOE Contract DE-AC02-76SF00515, is the host laboratory for DESC and manages support for the DESC pipeline scientist and computing infrastructure teams. This research used resources of the Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work was done through a special ALCF Discretionary award using all of Theta before the system was retired. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility using NERSC award ERCAP0026324. This research used resources at the Duke Compute Cluster. This paper makes use of software developed for Vera C. Rubin Observatory. We thank the Rubin Observatory for making their code available as free software at http://pipelines.lsst.io/. The work of A.K. was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA. L.G. acknowledges financial support from AGAUR, CSIC, MCIN and AEI 10.13039/501100011033 under projects PID2023-151307NB-I00, PIE 20215AT016, CEX2020-001058-M, ILINK23001, COOPB2304, and 2021-SGR-01270. The material is based upon work supported by NASA under award number 80GSFC24M0006. This paper has undergone internal review by the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration. The internal reviewers were Arun Kannawadi and Chris Walter. Author contributions follow, in the alphabetical order of the author list: A.A. led development and calibration of the SFH model. L.A. contributed to validation of transients and Roman images. G.BM. led calibration of the Diffsky model. A.B. contributed to lens sample selection and paper writing. J.B. contributed to development of extragalactic catalogs. J.B. led development of the SkyCatalogs software used by the image simulations. G.B. implemented the optical raytracing component of the LSST imSim image simulation. A.B. contribued to generation of calibration products for the ISR steps (ptc/brighter-fatter). K.C. led development of the PyImcom software used for IMCOM coadd production and contributed to paper writing. J.C. led simulation of LSST images and paper writing. E.C. contributed to lens sample selection. V.D. coordinated public archiving of the simulation. Y.F. contributed to Roman image simulation validation. L.G. reviewed and provided comments on paper. A.H. led development of Diffsky model. K.H. led development of the Outer Rim simulation and PI of ALCF Discretionary allocation. C.H. led IMCOM coadd production and paper writing. R.H. contributed to proposal preparation and TDS design. B.J. provided comments on the paper. M.J. contributed to LSST and Roman image simulations and validation. J.J. contributed to transient modelling and validation. A.K. reviewed the paper and contributed to Roman modules in GalSim. M.K. contributed to transient modelling and validation. R.K. led transient simulation and paper writing. A.K. is PI of the OpenUniverse team. R.K. contributed to transient simulation and paper writing. E.K. contributed to the development and production of the extra-galactic catalog that underlies the image simulations, and paper writing. R.L. contributed to transient modelling and validation. K.L. contributed the Roman observing sequence and paper writing. C.L. contributed to Roman image simulation development and validation. I.L. contributed to the lens sample selection. A.M. contributed to transient modelling and validation. R.M. contributed to Roman image simulation development and validation. J.M. contributed to transient modelling and validation. S.M. contributed to the integration of DSPS SEDs with GalSim and to validation of the extragalactic catalog. C.M. contributed to Roman image simulation validation. J.M. implemented the optical raytracing component of the LSST imSim image simulation. B.M. contributed to the lens sample selection. R.P. contributed to transient modelling and validation. A.P. led development of the optimization algorithms used to calibrate Diffsky. A.PM. contributed to the LSST Science Pipelines code and algorithms used in this work. B.R. worked on designing the Roman HLTDS observation sequence and paper writing. D.R. contributed to Roman TDS survey definition and paper writing. B.R. contributed to transient modelling and validation. A.S. contributed to the lens sample selection. N.S. contributed to the lens sample selection. D.S. contributed to validation of transient injection and paper writing. M.T. led the OpenUniverse2024 project and paper writing. N.VA. contributed to development of extragalactic catalogs. S.VD. contributed to transient modelling and validation. C.W. coordinated addition of needed features and inputs to the DESC imSim simulation package and reviewed the paper. T.W. contributed to validation of Roman simulation output. M.Y. contributed to validating the simulation framework, and developing and validating IMCOM. L.Y. contributed to transient modelling and validation. T.Z. contributed to the GalSim Roman PSF model and its validation.
dc.description.urihttp://arxiv.org/abs/2501.05632
dc.format.extent25 pages
dc.genrejournal articles
dc.genrepreprints
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2drz6-pdjk
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2501.05632
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/37568
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Center for Space Sciences and Technology (CSST) / Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences & Technology II (CRSST II)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
dc.rightsPublic Domain
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
dc.subjectAstrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
dc.titleOpenUniverse2024: A shared, simulated view of the sky for the next generation of cosmological surveys
dc.typeText
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0476-4206

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