Seasonal δ³⁴S variations in two high elevation snow pits measured by ³³S–³⁶S double spike thermal ionization mass spectrometry
| dc.contributor.author | Mann, Jacqueline L. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Shuman, Christopher A. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Kelly, W. Robert | |
| dc.contributor.author | Kreutz, Karl J. | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2022-02-16T15:59:51Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2022-02-16T15:59:51Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2008-08-01 | |
| dc.description.abstract | δ³⁴S and sulfate concentrations were determined in snow pit samples using a thermal ionization mass spectrometric technique capable of 0.2‰ accuracy and requires ≈5 μg (0.16 μmol) natural S. The technique utilizes a ³³S–³⁶S double spike for instrumental mass fractionation correction, and has been applied to snow pit samples collected from the Inilchek Glacier, Kyrgyzstan and from Summit, Greenland. These δ³⁴S determinations provide the first high-resolution seasonal data for these sites, and are used to estimate seasonal sulfate sources. Deuterium (δD) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) isotope data show that the Inilchek and Summit snow pit samples represent precipitation over ≈20 months. The δ³⁴S values for the Inilchek ranged from +2.6 ± 0.4‰ to +7.6 ± 0.4‰ on sample sizes ranging from 0.3 to 1.8 μmol S. δ³⁴S values for Greenland ranged from +3.6 ± 0.7‰ to +13.3 ± 5‰ for sample sizes ranging from 0.05 to 0.29 μmol S. The SO₄²⁻ concentration ranged from 92.6 ± 0.4 to 1049 ± 4 ng/g for the Inilchek and 18 ± 9 to 93 ± 6 ng/g for the Greenland snow pit. Anthropogenic sulfate dominates throughout the sampled time interval for both sites based on mass balance considerations. Additionally, both sites exhibit a seasonal signature in both δ³⁴S and SO₄²⁻ concentration. The thermal ionization mass spectrometric technique has three advantages compared to gas source isotopic methods: (1) sample size requirements of this technique are 10-fold less permitting access to the higher resolution S isotope record of low concentration snow and ice, (2) the double spike technique permits δ³⁴S and S concentration to be determined simultaneously, and (3) the double spike is an internal standard. | en_US |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Financial support for this study from the EPA Star Fellowship program (#U915356) to J.L.M. and from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (51-622-83-72WBS) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) to Dr. Christopher A. Shuman is gratefully acknowledged. Sample collection from the Inil chek Glacier was supported by NSF ATM Grant 0000560 to Dr. Karl J. Kreutz. The authors also thank Dr. Richard J. Walker, Director of the Isotope Geochemistry Laboratory in the Depart ment of Geology at the University of Maryland for use of the VG multiple-collector mass spectrometer (VG Sector 54) for this work, and Douglas Introne and Sharon Sneed of the University of Maine Climate Change Institute for stable isotope and major ion analyses. Finally, we thank all reviewers for their critical anal ysis and many helpful comments. Special thanks are extended to Dr. Alan J. Kaufman for additional editing of the manuscript at the author’s request. | en_US |
| dc.description.uri | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703708003232?casa_token=T_PjP8HNJuIAAAAA:RxG97yGhR8wI4qzTQz7TBgZ9debjPN2H1Zfz1r_wJShH-eos8-EEO5VY365rl9RdzCQ1anVL1A | en_US |
| dc.format.extent | 21 pages | en_US |
| dc.genre | journal articles | en_US |
| dc.identifier | doi:10.13016/m2inun-jkdm | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Mann, Jacqueline L. et al. Seasonal δ34S variations in two high elevation snow pits measured by 33S–36S double spike thermal ionization mass spectrometry. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 72 (Aug. 2008) 15, p 3907-3927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.05.036. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2008.05.036 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11603/24287 | |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Elsevier | en_US |
| dc.relation.isAvailableAt | The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) | |
| dc.relation.ispartof | UMBC Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology | |
| dc.relation.ispartof | UMBC Faculty Collection | |
| dc.rights | This work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law. | en_US |
| dc.rights | Public Domain Mark 1.0 | * |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ | * |
| dc.title | Seasonal δ³⁴S variations in two high elevation snow pits measured by ³³S–³⁶S double spike thermal ionization mass spectrometry | en_US |
| dc.type | Text | en_US |
| dcterms.creator | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9606-767X | en_US |