Wintertime Formaldehyde: Airborne Observations and Source Apportionment Over the Eastern United States

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dc.contributor.authorGreen, Jaime R.
dc.contributor.authorFiddler, Marc N.
dc.contributor.authorFibiger, Dorothy L.
dc.contributor.authorMcDuffie, Erin E.
dc.contributor.authorAquino, Janine
dc.contributor.authorCampos, Teresa
dc.contributor.authorShah, Viral
dc.contributor.authorJaeglé, Lyatt
dc.contributor.authorThornton, Joel A.
dc.contributor.authorDiGangi, Joshua P.
dc.contributor.authorWolfe, Glenn
dc.contributor.authorBililign, Solomon
dc.contributor.authorBrown, Steven S.
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-13T17:10:18Z
dc.date.available2021-10-13T17:10:18Z
dc.date.issued2021-01-12
dc.description.abstractFormaldehyde (HCHO) is generated from direct urban emission sources and secondary production from the photochemical reactions of urban smog. HCHO is linked to tropospheric ozone formation, and contributes to the photochemical reactions of other components of urban smog. In this study, pollution plume intercepts during the Wintertime INvestigation of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity (WINTER) campaign were used to investigate and characterize the formation of HCHO in relation to several anthropogenic tracers. Analysis of aircraft intercepts combined with detailed chemical box modeling downwind of several cities suggests that the most important contribution to observed HCHO was primary emission. A box model analysis of a single plume suggested that secondary sources contribute to 21 ± 10% of the observed HCHO. Ratios of HCHO/CO observed in the northeast US, from Ohio to New York, ranging from 0.2% to 0.6%, are consistent with direct emissions combined with at most modest photochemical production. Analysis of the nocturnal boundary layer and residual layer from repeated vertical profiling over urban influenced areas indicate a direct HCHO emission flux of 1.3 × 10¹⁴ molecules cm⁻² h⁻¹. In a case study in Atlanta, GA, nighttime HCHO exhibited a ratio to CO (0.6%–1.8%) and was anti-correlated with O₃. Observations were consistent with mixing between direct HCHO emissions in urban air masses with those influenced by more rapid HCHO photochemical production. The HCHO/CO emissions ratios determined from the measured data are 2.3–15 times greater than the NEI 2017 emissions database. The largest observed HCHO/CO was 1.7%–1.8%, located near co-generating power stations.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors thank Samuel Hall, and Kirk Ullman from the National Center of Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for the limited use of the data obtained from the HIAPER Atmospheric Radiation Package. The authors also thank Andrew Weinhiemer and Denise Montzka from NCAR for the supplementary use of the oxidized nitrogen species and ozone data obtained during the winter campaign. The authors acknowledge the NSF-NCAR Research Aircraft Facility engineers, scientists, pilots, and staff members. Funding for NCAT group participation was made possible by funding from NSF award to Thornton and Jaegle # NSF AGS-1360745. Jaime Green acknowledges that this work is partially supported by Department of Education under the Title III HBGI grant. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Department of Education.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2020JD033518en_US
dc.format.extent2 filesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m28c9a-amwo
dc.identifier.citationGreen, Jaime R. et al.; Wintertime Formaldehyde: Airborne Observations and Source Apportionment Over the Eastern United States; Journal of Geophysical Research : Atmospheres, 126, 5, 12 January, 2021; https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033518en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1029/2020JD033518
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/23084
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherAmerican Geophysical Unionen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.en_US
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0*
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/*
dc.titleWintertime Formaldehyde: Airborne Observations and Source Apportionment Over the Eastern United Statesen_US
dc.typeTexten_US
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-4043en_US

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