Better calibration of cloud parameterizations and subgrid effects increases the fidelity of E3SM Atmosphere Model version 1

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dc.contributor.authorMa, Po-Lun
dc.contributor.authorHarrop, Bryce E.
dc.contributor.authorLarson, Vincent E.
dc.contributor.authorNeale, Richard
dc.contributor.authorGettelman, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorMorrison, Hugh
dc.contributor.authorWang, Hailong
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Kai
dc.contributor.authorKlein, Stephen A.
dc.contributor.authorZelinka, Mark D.
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Yuying
dc.contributor.authorQian, Yun
dc.contributor.authorYoon, Jin-Ho
dc.contributor.authorJones, Christopher R.
dc.contributor.authorHuang, Meng
dc.contributor.authorTai, Sheng-Lun
dc.contributor.authorSingh, Balwinder
dc.contributor.authorBogenschutz, Peter A.
dc.contributor.authorZheng, Xue
dc.contributor.authorLin, Wuyin
dc.contributor.authorQuaas, Johannes
dc.contributor.authorChepfer, Hélène
dc.contributor.authorBrunke, Michael A.
dc.contributor.authorZeng, Xubin
dc.contributor.authorMülmenstädt, Johannes
dc.contributor.authorHagos, Samson
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Zhibo
dc.contributor.authorSong, Hua
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Xiaohong
dc.contributor.authorWan, Hui
dc.contributor.authorWang, Jingyu
dc.contributor.authorTang, Qi
dc.contributor.authorCaldwell, Peter M.
dc.contributor.authorFan, Jiwen
dc.contributor.authorBerg, Larry K.
dc.contributor.authorFast, Jerome D.
dc.contributor.authorTaylor, Mark A.
dc.contributor.authorGolaz, Jean-Christophe
dc.contributor.authorXie, Shaocheng
dc.contributor.authorRasch, Philip J.
dc.contributor.authorLeung, L. Ruby
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-10T17:02:48Z
dc.date.available2021-11-10T17:02:48Z
dc.date.issued2022-04-07
dc.description.abstractRealistic simulation of the Earth’s mean state climate remains a major challenge and yet it is crucial for predicting the climate system in transition. Deficiencies in models’ process representations, propagation of errors from one process to another, and associated compensating errors can often confound the interpretation and improvement of model simulations. These errors and biases can also lead to unrealistic climate projections as well as incorrect attribution of the physical mechanisms governing the past and future climate change. Here we show that a significantly improved global atmospheric simulation can be achieved by focusing on the realism of process assumptions in cloud calibration and subgrid effects using the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Atmosphere Model version 1 (EAMv1). The calibration of clouds and subgrid effects informed by our understanding of physical mechanisms leads to significant improvements in clouds and precipitation climatology, reducing common and longstanding biases across cloud regimes in the model. The improved cloud fidelity in turn reduces biases in other aspects of the system. Furthermore, even though the recalibration does not change the global mean aerosol and total anthropogenic effective radiative forcings (ERFs), the sensitivity of clouds, precipitation, and surface temperature to aerosol perturbations is significantly reduced. This suggests that it is possible to achieve improvements to the historical evolution of surface temperature over EAMv1 and that precise knowledge of global mean ERFs is not enough to constrain historical or future climate change. Cloud feedbacks are also significantly reduced in the recalibrated model, suggesting that there would be a lower climate sensitivity when running as part of the fully coupled E3SM. This study also compares results from incremental changes to cloud microphysics, turbulent mixing, deep convection, and subgrid effects to understand how assumptions in the representation of these processes affect different aspects of the simulated atmosphere as well as its response to forcings. We conclude that the spectral composition and geographical distribution of the ERFs and cloud feedback as well as the fidelity of the simulated base climate state are important for constraining the climate in the past and future.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe model tuning was supported as part of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) project [https://dx.doi.org/10.11578/E3SM/dc.20180418.36], funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Earth System Model Development (ESMD) program area. The analyses of effective radiative forcing and aerosol-cloud interactions were supported by the Enabling Aerosol-cloud interactions at GLobal convection-permitting scalES (EAGLES) project, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Earth System Model Development program area. The development and evaluation of gustiness effects over land were supported as part of the Integrated Cloud, Land-Surface, and Aerosol System Study (ICLASS) science focus area, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program. The development of cloud and boundary layer diagnostics was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Regional and Global Model Analysis (RGMA) program area. This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No. DEAC02-05CH11231. This research also used a high-performance computing cluster provided by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research Earth System Model Development program area and operated by the Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne National Laboratory. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830. Work at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was performed under the auspices of the U. S. DOE by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. DE-AC52-07NA27344. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525. This paper describes objective technical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in the paper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the United States Government.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/15/2881/2022/en_US
dc.format.extent36 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2z6hy-4kah
dc.identifier.citationMa, Po-Lun et al. Better calibration of cloud parameterizations and subgrid effects increases the fidelity of the E3SM Atmosphere Model version 1. Geoscientific Model Development 15 (2022), no. 7, pp 2881–2916. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2881-2022en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2881-2022
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/23289
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherEGU Publicationsen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Physics Department Collection
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.en_US
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0*
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/*
dc.titleBetter calibration of cloud parameterizations and subgrid effects increases the fidelity of E3SM Atmosphere Model version 1en_US
dc.typeTexten_US
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9491-1654en_US

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