Uncovering mediational pathways behind racial and socioeconomic disparities in brain volumes: insights from the UK Biobank study

dc.contributor.authorBeydoun, May A.
dc.contributor.authorBeydoun, Hind A.
dc.contributor.authorFanelli-Kuczmarski, Marie T.
dc.contributor.authorHu, Yi-Han
dc.contributor.authorShaked, Danielle
dc.contributor.authorWeiss, Jordan
dc.contributor.authorWaldstein, Shari R.
dc.contributor.authorLauner, Lenore J.
dc.contributor.authorEvans, Michele K.
dc.contributor.authorZonderman, Alan B.
dc.date.accessioned2024-11-14T15:18:44Z
dc.date.available2024-11-14T15:18:44Z
dc.date.issued2024-10-10
dc.description.abstractMediation pathways explaining racial/ethnic and socioeconomic (SES) disparities in structural MRI markers of brain health remain underexplored. We examined racial/ethnic and SES disparities in sMRI markers and tested total, direct, and indirect effects through lifestyle, health-related, and cognition factors using a structural equations modeling approach among 36,184 UK Biobank participants aged 40–70 years at baseline assessment (47% men). Race (non-White vs. White) and lower SES-predicted poorer brain sMRI volumetric outcomes at follow-up, with racial/ethnic disparities in sMRI outcomes involving multiple pathways and SES playing a central role in those pathways. Mediational patterns differed across outcomes, with the SES-sMRI total effect being partially mediated for all outcomes. Over 20% of the total effect (TE) of race/ethnicity on WMH was explained by the indirect effect (IE), by a combination of different pathways going through SES, lifestyle, health-related, and cognition factors. This is in contrast to < 10% for total brain, gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and frontal GM left/right. Another significant finding is that around 57% of the total effect for SES and the normalized white matter hyperintensity (WMH) was attributed to an indirect effect. This effect encompasses many pathways that involve lifestyle, health-related, and cognitive aspects. Aside from WMH, the percent of TE of SES mediated through various pathways ranged from~ 5% for WM to > 15% up to 36% for most of the remaining sMRI outcomes, which are composed mainly of GM phenotypes. Race and SES were important determinants of brain volumetric outcomes, with partial mediation of racial/ethnic disparities through SES, lifestyle, health-related, and cognition factors.
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to thank the UK Biobank investigators, staf, and participants, as well as the staf and analysts from the UK Biobank access management system. This work uses data provided by patients and collected by the NHS as part of their care and support. This research also used data assets made available by National Safe Haven as part of the Data and Connectivity National Core Study, led by Health Data Research UK in partnership with the Ofce for National Statistics and funded by UK Research and Innovation (research which commenced between 1st October 2020 and 31st March 2021 grant ref MC_PC_20029; 1st April 2021–30th September 2022 grant ref MC_PC_20058). Importantly, this research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under Application Number 77963.
dc.description.urihttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11357-024-01371-1
dc.format.extent22 pages
dc.genrejournal articles
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2yqsu-zmmy
dc.identifier.citationBeydoun, May A., Hind A. Beydoun, Marie T. Fanelli-Kuczmarski, Yi-Han Hu, Danielle Shaked, Jordan Weiss, Shari R. Waldstein, Lenore J. Launer, Michele K. Evans, and Alan B. Zonderman. “Uncovering Mediational Pathways behind Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Brain Volumes: Insights from the UK Biobank Study.” GeroScience, October 10, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-024-01371-1.
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-024-01371-1
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/36957
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Nature
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Psychology Department
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
dc.rightsPublic Domain
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
dc.subjectSocioeconomic status
dc.subjectNeurodegeneration
dc.subjectBrain aging
dc.subjectLifestyle factors
dc.subjectHealth disparities
dc.titleUncovering mediational pathways behind racial and socioeconomic disparities in brain volumes: insights from the UK Biobank study
dc.typeText

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