Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission

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dc.contributor.authorChabot, Nancy L.
dc.contributor.authorRivkin, Andrew S.
dc.contributor.authorCheng, Andrew F.
dc.contributor.authorBarnouin, Olivier S.
dc.contributor.authorFahnestock, Eugene G.
dc.contributor.authorRichardson, Derek C.
dc.contributor.authorStickle, Angela M.
dc.contributor.authorThomas, Cristina A.
dc.contributor.authorErnst, Carolyn M.
dc.contributor.authorDaly, R. Terik
dc.contributor.authorDotto, Elisabetta
dc.contributor.authorZinzi, Angelo
dc.contributor.authorChesley, Steven R.
dc.contributor.authorMoskovitz, Nicholas A.
dc.contributor.authorBarbee, Brent W.
dc.contributor.authorAbell, Paul
dc.contributor.authorAgrusa, Harrison F.
dc.contributor.authorBannister, Michele T.
dc.contributor.authorBeccarelli, Joel
dc.contributor.authorBekker, Dmitriy L.
dc.contributor.authorSyal, Megan Bruck
dc.contributor.authorBuratti, Bonnie J.
dc.contributor.authorBusch, Michael W.
dc.contributor.authorBagatin, Adriano Campo
dc.contributor.authorChatelain, Joseph P.
dc.contributor.authorChocron, Sidney
dc.contributor.authorCollins, Gareth S.
dc.contributor.authorConversi, Luca
dc.contributor.authorDavison, Thomas M.
dc.contributor.authorDeCoster, Mallory E.
dc.contributor.authorDeshapriya, J. D. Prasanna
dc.contributor.authorEggl, Siegfried
dc.contributor.authorEspiritu, Raymond C.
dc.contributor.authorFarnham, Tony L.
dc.contributor.authorFerrais, Marin
dc.contributor.authorFerrari, Fabio
dc.contributor.authorF�hring, Dora
dc.contributor.authorFuentes-Mu�oz, Oscar
dc.contributor.authorGai, Igor
dc.contributor.authorGiordano, Carmine
dc.contributor.authorGlenar, David
dc.contributor.authorGomez, Edward
dc.contributor.authorGraninger, Dawn M.
dc.contributor.authorGreen, Simon F.
dc.contributor.authorGreenstreet, Sarah
dc.contributor.authorHasselmann, Pedro H.
dc.contributor.authorHerreros, Isabel
dc.contributor.authorHirabayashi, Masatoshi
dc.contributor.authorHus�rik, Marek
dc.contributor.authorIeva, Simone
dc.contributor.authorIvanovski, Stavro L.
dc.contributor.authorJackson, Samuel L.
dc.contributor.authorJehin, Emmanuel
dc.contributor.authorJutzi, Martin
dc.contributor.authorKaratekin, Ozgur
dc.contributor.authorKnight, Matthew M.
dc.contributor.authorKolokolova, Ludmilla
dc.contributor.authorKumamoto, Kathryn M.
dc.contributor.authorK�ppers, Michael
dc.contributor.authorForgia, Fiorangela La
dc.contributor.authorLazzarin, Monica
dc.contributor.authorLi, Jian-Yang
dc.contributor.authorLister, Tim A.
dc.contributor.authorLolachi, Ramin
dc.contributor.authorLucas, Michael P.
dc.contributor.authorLucchetti, Alice
dc.contributor.authorLuther, Robert
dc.contributor.authorMakadia, Rahil
dc.contributor.authorEpifani, Elena Mazzotta
dc.contributor.authorMcMahon, Jay
dc.contributor.authorMerisio, Gianmario
dc.contributor.authorMerrill, Colby C.
dc.contributor.authorMeyer, Alex J.
dc.contributor.authorMichel, Patrick
dc.contributor.authorMicheli, Marco
dc.contributor.authorMigliorini, Alessandra
dc.contributor.authorMinker, Kate
dc.contributor.authorModenini, Dario
dc.contributor.authorMoreno, Fernando
dc.contributor.authorMurdoch, Naomi
dc.contributor.authorMurphy, Brian
dc.contributor.authorNaidu, Shantanu P.
dc.contributor.authorNair, Hari
dc.contributor.authorNakano, Ryota
dc.contributor.authorOpitom, Cyrielle
dc.contributor.authorOrm�, Jens
dc.contributor.authorOwen, J. Michael
dc.contributor.authorPajola, Maurizio
dc.contributor.authorPalmer, Eric E.
dc.contributor.authorPalumbo, Pasquale
dc.contributor.authorPanicucci, Paolo
dc.contributor.authorParro, Laura M.
dc.contributor.authorPearl, Jason M.
dc.contributor.authorPenttil�, Antti
dc.contributor.authorPerna, Davide
dc.contributor.authorPetrescu, Elisabeta
dc.contributor.authorPravec, Petr
dc.contributor.authorRaducan, Sabina D.
dc.contributor.authorRamesh, K. T.
dc.contributor.authorRidden-Harper, Ryan
dc.contributor.authorRizos, Juan L.
dc.contributor.authorRossi, Alessandro
dc.contributor.authorRoth, Nathan X.
dc.contributor.authorRo?ek, Agata
dc.contributor.authorRozitis, Benjamin
dc.contributor.authorRyan, Eileen V.
dc.contributor.authorRyan, William H.
dc.contributor.authorS�nchez, Paul
dc.contributor.authorSantana-Ros, Toni
dc.contributor.authorScheeres, Daniel J.
dc.contributor.authorScheirich, Peter
dc.contributor.authorSenel, Cem Berk
dc.contributor.authorSnodgrass, Colin
dc.contributor.authorSoldini, Stefania
dc.contributor.authorSouami, Damya
dc.contributor.authorStatler, Thomas S.
dc.contributor.authorStreet, Rachel
dc.contributor.authorStubbs, Timothy J.
dc.contributor.authorSunshine, Jessica M.
dc.contributor.authorTan, Nicole J.
dc.contributor.authorTancredi, Gonzalo
dc.contributor.authorTinsman, Calley L.
dc.contributor.authorTortora, Paolo
dc.contributor.authorTusberti, Filippo
dc.contributor.authorWalker, James D.
dc.contributor.authorWaller, C. Dany
dc.contributor.authorW�nnemann, Kai
dc.contributor.authorZannoni, Marco
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Yun
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-13T17:13:47Z
dc.date.available2024-03-13T17:13:47Z
dc.date.issued2024-02-26
dc.description.abstractNASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission was the first to demonstrate asteroid deflection, and the mission's Level 1 requirements guided its planetary defense investigations. Here, we summarize DART's achievement of those requirements. On 2022 September 26, the DART spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the secondary member of the Didymos near-Earth asteroid binary system, demonstrating an autonomously navigated kinetic impact into an asteroid with limited prior knowledge for planetary defense. Months of subsequent Earth-based observations showed that the binary orbital period was changed by -33.24 minutes, with two independent analysis methods each reporting a 1σ uncertainty of 1.4 s. Dynamical models determined that the momentum enhancement factor, β, resulting from DART's kinetic impact test is between 2.4 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos, which remains the largest source of uncertainty. Over five dozen telescopes across the globe and in space, along with the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids, have contributed to DART's investigations. These combined investigations have addressed topics related to the ejecta, dynamics, impact event, and properties of both asteroids in the binary system. A year following DART's successful impact into Dimorphos, the mission has achieved its planetary defense requirements, although work to further understand DART's kinetic impact test and the Didymos system will continue. In particular, ESA's Hera mission is planned to perform extensive measurements in 2027 during its rendezvous with the Didymos?Dimorphos system, building on DART to advance our knowledge and continue the ongoing international collaboration for planetary defense.
dc.description.sponsorshipThe DART mission is a result of the dedicated efforts of more than a thousand people working for years to make the mission successful. DART Investigation Team and LICIACube Team members beyond those listed as coauthors are thanked for their contributions to the discussions that led to the results summarized in this paper. This work was supported by the DART mission, NASA contract 80MSFC20D0004, and by the Italian Space Agency, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) within the LICIACube project (ASI-INAF agreement AC n. 2019-31-HH.0). Additional support from a number of sources for individuals is also acknowledged here. For R.L., D.A.G., T.J.S.: this work was supported by the NASA/GSFC Internal Scientist Funding Model (ISFM) Exospheres, Ionospheres, Magnetospheres Modeling (EIMM) team. The work done through the Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST-II) is supported by NASA award No. 80GSFC21M0002. N.X.R. acknowledges support by the Planetary Science Division Internal Scientist Funding Program through the Fundamental Laboratory Research (FLaRe) work package. P.M. acknowledges funding from ESA, CNES, the CNRS through the MITI interdisciplinary programs. For P.M., R.L., K.W., T.S.-R., C.B.S., and A.C.B.: funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 870377, through Near Earth Object Modelling and Payloads for Protection (NEO-MAPP) project (H2020-EU-2-1-6/870377, EC H2020-SPACE-718 2018-2020, H2020-SPACE-2019). R.M. and S.E. acknowledge funding from a NASA Space Technology Graduate Research Opportunities (NSTGRO) award, contract No. 80NSSC22K1173. For P.P. and P.S: this work was supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, grant 20-04431S. A.M. acknowledges the Italian Space Agency (ASI) for financial support through agreement No. 2022-8-HH.0 for ESA's Hera mission. I.H. acknowledges the Spanish Research Council (CSIC) support for international cooperation I-LINK project ILINK22061. For J.O.: this work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/State Agency of Research MCIN/AEI by grant PID2021-125883NB-C22 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe." For M.H.: this work was supported by the Slovak Grant Agency for Science VEGA (grant No. 2/0059/22) and by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract No. APVV-19-0072. G.S.C. and T.M.D. acknowledge funding from the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council, grant ST/S000615/1. For L.M.P.: contribution was supported by the Margarita Salas postdoctoral grant funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities?NextGenerationEU. F.F. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation program (grant agreement No. 101077758). For T.S.-R.: this work was also partially supported by the Spanish MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe" by the "European Union" through grant PID2021-122842OB-C21, and the Institute of Cosmos Sciences University of Barcelona (ICCUB, Unidad de Excelencia 'Mar?a de Maeztu') through grant CEX2019-000918-M. For J.M.: funding support acknowledged from the DART Participating Scientist Program (\#80NSSC21K1048). For A.P.: financial support from Academy of Finland grant No. 1345115. For A.C.B.: funding support from MICINN (Spain) PGC2021, PID2021-125883NB-C21. R.N. acknowledges support from NASA/FINESST (NNH20ZDA001N). J.-Y.L. acknowledges grants HST-GO-16674, HST-GO-17292, and HST-GO-17330 from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. A portion of this work was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC5207NA27344. LLNL-JRNL-854115. We appreciate the time and effort of two anonymous reviewers to review this paper.
dc.description.urihttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/ad16e6/meta
dc.format.extent24 pages
dc.genrejournal articles
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m23qee-vair
dc.identifier.citationChabot, Nancy L., Andrew S. Rivkin, Andrew F. Cheng, Olivier S. Barnouin, Eugene G. Fahnestock, Derek C. Richardson, Angela M. Stickle, et al. "Achievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission." The Planetary Science Journal 5, no. 2 (February 26, 2024): 49. https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad16e6.
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad16e6
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/31982
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherAAS
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Center for Space Sciences and Technology (CSST) / Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences & Technology II (CRSST II)
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
dc.titleAchievement of the Planetary Defense Investigations of the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission
dc.typeText
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-3854
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5764-7639

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