NO₂ and HCHO measurements in Korea from 2012 to 2016 from Pandora spectrometer instruments compared with OMI retrievals and with aircraft measurements during the KORUS-AQ campaign

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dc.contributor.authorHerman, Jay
dc.contributor.authorSpinei, Elena
dc.contributor.authorFried, Alan
dc.contributor.authorKim, Jhoon
dc.contributor.authorKim, Jae
dc.contributor.authorKim, Woogyung
dc.contributor.authorCede, Alexander
dc.contributor.authorAbuhassan, Nader
dc.contributor.authorSegal-Rozenhaimer, Michal
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-19T17:46:04Z
dc.date.available2023-01-19T17:46:04Z
dc.date.issued2018-08-08
dc.description.abstractNine Pandora spectrometer instruments (PSI) were installed at eight sites in South Korea as part of the KORUS-AQ (Korea U.S.-Air Quality) field study integrating information from ground, aircraft, and satellite measurements for validation of remote sensing air-quality studies. The PSI made direct-sun measurements of total vertical column NO₂, C(NO₂), with high precision (0.05 DU, where 1 DU = 2.69 × 1016 molecules cm−2 ) and accuracy (0.1 DU) that were retrieved using spectral fitting techniques. Retrieval of formaldehyde C(HCHO) total column amounts were also obtained at five sites using the recently improved PSI optics. The C(HCHO) retrievals have high precision, but possibly lower accuracy than for NO₂ because of uncertainty about the optimum spectral window for all ground-based and satellite instruments. PSI direct-sun retrieved values for C(NO₂) and C(HCHO) are always significantly larger than OMI (AURA satellite Ozone Monitoring Instrument) retrieved C(NO₂) and C(HCHO) for the OMI overpass local times (KST = 13.5±0.5 h). In urban areas, PSI C(NO₂) 30- day running averages are at least a factor of two larger than OMI averages. Similar differences are seen for C(HCHO) in Seoul and nearby surrounding areas. Late afternoon values of C(HCHO) measured by PSI are even larger, implying that OMI early afternoon measurements underestimate the effect of poor air quality on human health. The primary cause of OMI underestimates is the large OMI field of view (FOV) that includes regions containing low values of pollutants. In relatively clean areas, PSI and OMI are more closely in agreement. C(HCHO) amounts were obtained for five sites, Yonsei University in Seoul, Olympic Park, Taehwa Mountain, Amnyeondo, and Yeoju. Of these, the largest amounts of C(HCHO) were observed at Olympic Park and Taehwa Mountain, surrounded by significant amounts of vegetation. Comparisons of PSI C(HCHO) results were made with the Compact Atmospheric Multispecies Spectrometer CAMS during overflights on the DC-8 aircraft for Taehwa Mountain and Olympic Park. In all cases, PSI measured substantially more C(HCHO) than obtained from integrating the CAMS altitude profiles. PSI C(HCHO) at Yonsei University in Seoul frequently reached 0.6 DU and occasionally exceeded 1.5 DU. The semi-rural site, Taehwa Mountain, frequently reached 0.9 DU and occasionally exceeded 1.5 DU. Even at the cleanest site, Amnyeondo, C(HCHO) occasionally exceeded 1 DU.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe author would like to thank the Pandora project for support in completing this study as well as financial support from the KORUS-AQ project NNH15ZDA001N-KORUS. Jae Kim and Jhoon Kim are supported by Korea Ministry of Environment as Public Technology Program based on Environmental Policy (2017000160001).en_US
dc.description.urihttps://amt.copernicus.org/articles/11/4583/2018/amt-11-4583-2018.htmlen_US
dc.format.extent21 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2tccb-owar
dc.identifier.citationHerman, J., et al. “NO₂ and HCHO measurements in Korea from 2012 to 2016 from Pandora spectrometer instruments compared with OMI retrievals and with aircraft measurements during the KORUS-AQ campaign” Atmos. Meas. Tech. 11 (8 Aug 2018): 4583–4603. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4583-2018.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4583-2018
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/26670
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherEGUen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.en_US
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/*
dc.titleNO₂ and HCHO measurements in Korea from 2012 to 2016 from Pandora spectrometer instruments compared with OMI retrievals and with aircraft measurements during the KORUS-AQ campaignen_US
dc.title.alternativeNO₂ and HCHO Measurements in Korea from 2012 to 2016 using a network of Pandora Spectrometer Instruments
dc.typeTexten_US
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-1632en_US
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3865-657Xen_US

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