Ex situ determination of freely dissolved concentrations of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sediments and soils: basis for interpreting toxicity and assessing bioavailability, risks and remediation necessity

dc.contributor.authorJonker, Michiel T. O.
dc.contributor.authorBurgess, Robert M.
dc.contributor.authorGhosh, Upal
dc.contributor.authorGschwend, Philip M.
dc.contributor.authorHale, Sarah E.
dc.contributor.authorLohmann, Rainer
dc.contributor.authorLydy, Michael J.
dc.contributor.authorMaruya, Keith A.
dc.contributor.authorReible, Danny
dc.contributor.authorSmedes, Foppe
dc.date.accessioned2020-05-15T14:21:16Z
dc.date.available2020-05-15T14:21:16Z
dc.date.issued2020-04-20
dc.description.abstractThe freely dissolved concentration (Cfree) of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sediments and soils is considered the driver behind chemical bioavailability and, ultimately, toxic effects in benthic organisms. Therefore, quantifying Cfree, although challenging, is critical when assessing risks of contamination in field and spiked sediments and soils (e.g., when judging remediation necessity or interpreting results of toxicity assays performed for chemical safety assessments). Here, we provide a state-of-the-art passive sampling protocol for determining Cfree in sediment and soil samples. It represents an international consensus procedure, developed during a recent interlaboratory comparison study. The protocol describes the selection and preconditioning of the passive sampling polymer, critical incubation system component dimensions, equilibration and equilibrium condition confirmation, quantitative sampler extraction, quality assurance/control issues and final calculations of Cfree. The full procedure requires several weeks (depending on the sampler used) because of prolonged equilibration times. However, hands-on time, excluding chemical analysis, is approximately 3 d for a set of about 15 replicated samples.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipM.T.O.J. acknowledges financial support from the European Chemical Industry Council’s Long-range Research Initiative program (Cefic-LRI), under contracts ECO22 and ECO43. F.S. acknowledges support by the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports (LM2018121) and the European Structural and Investment Funds, Operational Program Research, Development, and Education (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001761). R.L. acknowledges support from SERDP ER-2538. This publication represents U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ORD-033094.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-020-0311-yen_US
dc.format.extent31 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m20v65-vx2r
dc.identifier.citationJonker, M.T.O., Burgess, R.M., Ghosh, U. et al. Ex situ determination of freely dissolved concentrations of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sediments and soils: basis for interpreting toxicity and assessing bioavailability, risks and remediation necessity. Nat Protoc 15, 1800–1828 (2020). https://doi-org.proxy-bc.researchport.umd.edu/10.1038/s41596-020-0311-yen_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41596-020-0311-y
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/18639
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Natureen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Chemical, Biochemical & Environmental Engineering Department Collection
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/*
dc.titleEx situ determination of freely dissolved concentrations of hydrophobic organic chemicals in sediments and soils: basis for interpreting toxicity and assessing bioavailability, risks and remediation necessityen_US
dc.typeTexten_US

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