Forging New Therapeutic Targets: Efforts of Tumor Derived Exosomes to Prepare the Pre-Metastatic Niche for Cancer Cell Dissemination and Dormancy
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Date
2023-06-01
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Citation of Original Publication
Bhatia, Ranvir, Joanna Chang, Jessian L. Munoz, and Nykia D. Walker. 2023. "Forging New Therapeutic Targets: Efforts of Tumor Derived Exosomes to Prepare the Pre-Metastatic Niche for Cancer Cell Dissemination and Dormancy" Biomedicines 11, no. 6: 1614. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061614
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Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
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Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes play a multifaceted role in preparing the pre-metastatic niche,
promoting cancer dissemination, and regulating cancer cell dormancy. A brief review of three types
of cells implicated in metastasis and an overview of other types of extracellular vesicles related
to metastasis are described. A central focus of this review is on how exosomes influence cancer
progression throughout metastatic disease. Exosomes are crucial mediators of intercellular communication by transferring their cargo to recipient cells, modulating their behavior, and promoting
tumor pro-gression. First, their functional role in cancer cell dissemination in the peripheral blood by
facilitating the establishment of a pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory niche is described during
organotro-pism and in lymphatic-mediated metastasis. Second, tumor-derived exosomes can transfer
molec-ular signals that induce cell cycle arrest, dormancy, and survival pathways in disseminated
cells, promoting a dormant state are reviewed. Third, several studies highlight exosome involvement
in maintaining cellular dormancy in the bone marrow endosteum. Finally, the clinical implications of
exosomes as biomarkers or diagnostic tools for cancer progression are also outlined. Understanding
the complex interplay between tumor-derived exosomes and the pre-metastatic niche is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies to target metastasis and prevent cancer recurrence. To that end,
several examples of how exosomes or other nanocarriers are used as a drug delivery system to inhibit
cancer metastasis are discussed. Strategies are discussed to alter exosome cargo content for better
loading capacity or direct cell targeting by integrins. Further, pre-clinical models or Phase I clinical
trials implementing exosomes or other nanocarriers to attack metastatic cancer cells are highlighted.