A gamma-ray pulsar timing array constrains the nanohertz gravitational wave background

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dc.contributor.authorFermi-LAT Collaboration
dc.contributor.authorMirabal, Nestor
dc.contributor.authorNegro, Michela
dc.contributor.authorValverde, Janeth
dc.contributor.authoret al.
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-26T21:36:51Z
dc.date.available2022-09-26T21:36:51Z
dc.date.issued2022-04-07
dc.descriptionFermi-LAT Collaboration Authors: M. Ajello , W. B. Atwood , L. Baldini , J. Ballet , G. Barbiellini, , D. Bastieri, , R. Bellazzini , A. Berretta, B. Bhattacharyya, E. Bissaldi, R. D. Blandford, E. Bloom, R. Bonino, , P. Bruel, R. Buehler, E. Burns, S. Buson, R. A. Cameron, P. A. Caraveo, E. Cavazzuti , N. Cibrario, S. Ciprini, C. J. Clark, I. Cognard, J. Coronado-Blazquez ´ , , M. Crnogorcevic, H. Cromartie, K. Crowter, S. Cutini, F. D’Ammando, S. De Gaetano, , F. de Palma, S. W. Digel, N. Di Lalla, F. Fana Dirirsa, L. Di Venere, A. Dom´ınguez , E. C. Ferrara, A. Fiori , A. Franckowiak, Y. Fukazawa, S. Funk, P. Fusco, , V. Gammaldi, F. Gargano, D. Gasparrini, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti , D. Green, I. A. Grenier , L. Guillemot, S. Guiriec, M. Gustafsson, A. K. Harding , E. Hays, J.W. Hewitt, D. Horan, X. Hou, G. Johannesson ´ , M. J. Keith, M. Kerr† , M. Kramer, M. Kuss , S. Larsson, L. Latronico, J. Li, F. Longo, , F. Loparco, , M. N. Lovellette, P. Lubrano, S. Maldera, A. Manfreda , G. Mart´ı-Devesa, M. N. Mazziotta , I.Mereu, P. F. Michelson, N. Mirabal, W. Mitthumsiri, T. Mizuno, M. E. Monzani , A. Morselli, M. Negro, L. Nieder, R. Ojha, N. Omodei, M. Orienti, E. Orlando, , J. F. Ormes, D. Paneque, A. Parthasarathy† , Z. Pei , M. Persic, M. Pesce-Rollins , R. Pillera, H. Poon, T. A. Porter, G. Principe, J. L. Racusin, S. Raino` , R. Rando, , B. Rani, S. M. Ransom, P. S. Ray, M. Razzano , S. Razzaque, A. Reimer , O. Reimer, J. Roy, M. Sanchez-Conde ´ , P. M. Saz Parkinson, J. Scargle, L. Scotton , D. Serini, C. Sgro` , E. J. Siskind, D. A. Smith, G. Spandre , R. Spiewak, P. Spinelli, , I. Stairs, D. J. Suson, S. J. Swihart, S. Tabassum, J. B. Thayer, G. Theureau, , D. F. Torres, E. Troja, J. Valverde, Z. Wadiasingh, K. Wood, G. Zaharijasen_US
dc.description.abstractAfter large galaxies merge, their central supermassive black holes are expected to form binary systems. Their orbital motion should generate a gravitational wave background (GWB) at nanohertz frequencies. Searches for this background use pulsar timing arrays, which perform long-term monitoring of millisecond pulsars at radio wavelengths. We used 12.5 years of Fermi Large Area Telescope data to form a gamma-ray pulsar timing array. Results from 35 bright gamma-ray pulsars place a 95% credible limit on the GWB characteristic strain of 1.0 × 10−14 at a frequency of 1 year–1. The sensitivity is expected to scale with tobs, the observing time span, as t−13/6obs. This direct measurement provides an independent probe of the GWB while offering a check on radio noise models.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was performed in part under DOE contract DE-AC02-76SF00515. M.K. is supported by NASA grant NNG21OB03A. E.C.F. and N.M. are supported by NASA under award 80GSFC21M0002. T.C. is supported by NASA through the NASA Hubble Fellowship Program grant HST-HF2-51453.001. K.C. is supported by a UBC Four Year Fellowship (6456). S.M.R. is a CIFAR Fellow and is supported by the NSF Physics Frontiers Center award 1430284. The work of M.A.S.C. and V.G. was supported by grants PGC2018-095161-B-I00 and CEX2020-001007-S, both funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF. V.G. has been supported by Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación IJC2019-040315-I grants. G.Z. acknowledges financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (grants P1-0031, I0-0033, and J1-1700). C.J.C. acknowledges support from the ERC under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement 715051; Spiders). S.J.S. holds an NRC Research Associateship award at NRL.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.abm3231en_US
dc.format.extent3 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2iw1s-qtqe
dc.identifier.citationFermi-LAT Collaboration. "A gamma-ray pulsar timing array constrains the nanohertz gravitational wave background." SCIENCE, 376, no. 6592 (7 Apr 2022): 521-523. DOI: 10.1126/science.abm3231en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm3231
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/25891
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherAmerican Association for the Advancement of Scienceen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Center for Space Sciences and Technology
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Physics Department
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.en_US
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/*
dc.titleA gamma-ray pulsar timing array constrains the nanohertz gravitational wave backgrounden_US
dc.typeTexten_US
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-5838
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6548-5622

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