Using social media to understand constituent and follower opinions: impact of “low quality” on US Senator information gathering

Abstract

Purpose: This paper seeks to understand why some U.S. Senators have more low-quality followers than others and the potential impact of low-quality followers on understanding constituent preferences. Design/methodology/approach: For each U.S. Senator, data on Twitter followers was matched with demographic characteristics proven to influence behavior. An OLS regression model evaluated why some Senators attract more low-quality followers than others. Then, observations on the impact of low-quality followers were discussed along with potential effects on information gathering and constituent representation. Findings: The study finds that total followers, ideology, and length of time on Twitter are all significant predictors of whether a Senator might attract low-quality followers. Low-quality followers can have wide-ranging implications on Senator’s use of social media data to represent constituents and develop public policy. Originality: This study uses an unique dataset to understand why some Senators have more lowquality followers than others and the impact on information gathering. Other previous studies have not addressed this issue in the context of governmental decision making or constituent representation. Research limitations/implications: The dataset only includes Senators from the 115th Congress (2017-2018). As such, future research could expand the data to include additional Senators or members of the House of Representatives. Practical implications: Information is essential in any decision-making environment, including legislatures. Understanding why some users, particularly public opinion leaders attract more lowquality social media followers could help decision makers better understand where information is coming from and how they might choose to evaluates its content. Social implications: This study finds two practical implications for public opinion leaders, including Senators. First, accounts must be actively monitored to identify and weed-out lowquality followers. Second, users need to be wary of disinformation and misinformation and they need to develop strategies to identify and eliminate it from the collection of follower preferences