Gaia Early Data Release 3. Acceleration of the solar system from Gaia astrometry
| dc.contributor.author | Bertone, S. | |
| dc.contributor.author | et al. | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-01-05T21:00:12Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2021-01-05T21:00:12Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2020-12-02 | |
| dc.description | Gaia Collaboration, S.A. Klioner 1 , F. Mignard2 , L. Lindegren 3 , U. Bastian 4 , P.J. McMillan 3 , J. Hernández5 , D. Hobbs 3 , M. Ramos-Lerate6 , M. Biermann4 , A. Bombrun7 , A. de Torres7 , E. Gerlach 1 , R. Geyer 1 , T. Hilger 1 , U. Lammers 5 , H. Steidelmüller1 , C.A. Stephenson8 , A.G.A. Brown 9 , A. Vallenari 10 , T. Prusti 11, J.H.J. de Bruijne 11, C. Babusiaux 12, 13, O.L. Creevey 2 , D.W. Evans 14, L. Eyer 15, A. Hutton16, F. Jansen11, C. Jordi 17, X. Luri 17, C. Panem18, D. Pourbaix 19, 20, S. Randich 21, P. Sartoretti13 , C. Soubiran 22, N.A. Walton 14, F. Arenou 13, C.A.L. Bailer-Jones23, M. Cropper 24, R. Drimmel 25, D. Katz 13, M.G. Lattanzi 25, 26, F. van Leeuwen14, J. Bakker5 , J. Castañeda 27, F. De Angeli14, C. Ducourant 22 , C. Fabricius 17, M. Fouesneau 23, Y. Frémat 28, R. Guerra 5 , A. Guerrier18, J. Guiraud18, A. Jean-Antoine Piccolo18, E. Masana 17, R. Messineo29, N. Mowlavi15, C. Nicolas18, K. Nienartowicz 30, 31, F. Pailler18, P. Panuzzo 13, F. Riclet18, W. Roux18, G.M. Seabroke24, R. Sordo 10, P. Tanga 2 , F. Thévenin2 , G. Gracia-Abril32, 4 , J. Portell 17, D. Teyssier 8 , M. Altmann 4, 33, R. Andrae23, I. Bellas-Velidis34, K. Benson24, J. Berthier 35, R. Blomme 28, E. Brugaletta 36, P.W. Burgess14, G. Busso 14, B. Carry 2 , A. Cellino 25, N. Cheek37, G. Clementini 38, Y. Damerdji39, 40, M. Davidson41, L. Delchambre39, A. Dell’Oro 21, J. Fernández-Hernández42, L. Galluccio 2 , P. García-Lario5 , M. Garcia-Reinaldos5 , J. González-Núñez 37, 43, E. Gosset39, 20, R. Haigron13, J.-L. Halbwachs 44, N.C. Hambly 41, D.L. Harrison 14, 45, D. Hatzidimitriou 46, U. Heiter 47, D. Hestroffer 35, S.T. Hodgkin14, B. Holl 15, 30, K. Janßen48, G. Jevardat de Fombelle15, S. Jordan 4 , A. Krone-Martins 49, 50, A.C. Lanzafame 36, 51, W. Löffler4 , A. Lorca16, M. Manteiga 52, O. Marchal44 , P.M. Marrese53, 54, A. Moitinho 49, A. Mora16, K. Muinonen 55, 56, P. Osborne14, E. Pancino 21, 54, T. Pauwels28, A. Recio-Blanco2 , P.J. Richards57, M. Riello 14, L. Rimoldini 30, A.C. Robin 58, T. Roegiers59, J. Rybizki 23, L.M. Sarro 60, C. Siopis19, M. Smith24, A. Sozzetti 25, A. Ulla61, E. Utrilla16, M. van Leeuwen14 , W. van Reeven16, U. Abbas 25, A. Abreu Aramburu42, S. Accart62, C. Aerts 63, 64, 23, J.J. Aguado60, M. Ajaj13 , G. Altavilla 53, 54, M.A. Álvarez 65, J. Álvarez Cid-Fuentes 66, J. Alves 67, R.I. Anderson 68, E. Anglada Varela 42, T. Antoja 17, M. Audard 30, D. Baines 8 , S.G. Baker 24, L. Balaguer-Núñez 17, E. Balbinot 69 , Z. Balog 4, 23, C. Barache33, D. Barbato15, 25, M. Barros 49, M.A. Barstow 70, S. Bartolomé 17, J.-L. Bassilana62, N. Bauchet35, A. Baudesson-Stella62, U. Becciani 36, M. Bellazzini 38, M. Bernet17, S. Bertone 71, 72, 25, L. Bianchi73, S. Blanco-Cuaresma 74, T. Boch 44, D. Bossini 75, S. Bouquillon33, L. Bramante29, E. Breedt 14, A. Bressan 76, N. Brouillet22, B. Bucciarelli 25, A. Burlacu77, D. Busonero 25, A.G. Butkevich25 , R. Buzzi 25, E. Caffau 13, R. Cancelliere 78, H. Cánovas 16, T. Cantat-Gaudin 17, R. Carballo79, T. Carlucci33, M.I Carnerero 25, J.M. Carrasco 17, L. Casamiquela 22, M. Castellani 53, A. Castro-Ginard 17, P. Castro Sampol17, L. Chaoul18, P. Charlot22, L. Chemin 80, A. Chiavassa 2 , G. Comoretto81, W.J. Cooper 82, 25 , T. Cornez62, S. Cowell14, F. Crifo13, M. Crosta 25, C. Crowley7 , C. Dafonte 65, A. Dapergolas34, M. David 83 , P. David35, P. de Laverny2 , F. De Luise 84, R. De March 29, J. De Ridder 63, R. de Souza85, P. de Teodoro5 , E.F. del Peloso4 , E. del Pozo16, A. Delgado14, H.E. Delgado 60, J.-B. Delisle 15, P. Di Matteo13, S. Diakite86, C. Diener14, E. Distefano 36, C. Dolding24, D. Eappachen87, 64, H. Enke 48, P. Esquej 88, C. Fabre89, M. Fabrizio 53, 54, S. Faigler90, G. Fedorets55, 91, P. Fernique 44, 92, A. Fienga 93, 35, F. Figueras 17, C. Fouron77, F. Fragkoudi94, E. Fraile88, F. Franke95, M. Gai 25, D. Garabato 65, A. Garcia-Gutierrez17, M. García-Torres 96 , A. Garofalo 38, P. Gavras 88, P. Giacobbe25, G. Gilmore 14, S. Girona 66, G. Giuffrida53, A. Gomez 65, I. Gonzalez-Santamaria 65, J.J. González-Vidal17, M. Granvik 55, 97, R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez8 , L.P. Guy 30, 81, M. Hauser23, 98, M. Haywood 13, A. Helmi 69, S.L. Hidalgo 99, 100, N. Hładczuk5 , G. Holland14, H.E. Huckle24, G. Jasniewicz101, P.G. Jonker 64, 87, J. Juaristi Campillo4 , F. Julbe17, L. Karbevska15, P. Kervella 102, S. Khanna 69, A. Kochoska 103, G. Kordopatis 2 , A.J. Korn 47, Z. Kostrzewa-Rutkowska9, 87, K. Kruszynska ´ 104, S. Lambert 33, A.F. Lanza 36, Y. Lasne62, J.-F. Le Campion105, Y. Le Fustec77, Y. Lebreton 102, 106, T. Lebzelter 67, S. Leccia 107, N. Leclerc13, I. Lecoeur-Taibi 30, S. Liao25, E. Licata 25, H.E.P. Lindstrøm25, 108, T.A. Lister 109, E. Livanou46, A. Lobel28, P. Madrero Pardo17, S. Managau62, R.G. Mann 41, J.M. Marchant110, M. Marconi 107, M.M.S. Marcos Santos37, S. Marinoni 53, 54, F. Marocco 111, 112, D.J. Marshall113, L. Martin Polo37, J.M. Martín-Fleitas 16, A. Masip17, D. Massari 38, A. Mastrobuono-Battisti 3 , T. Mazeh 90, S. Messina 36, D. Michalik 11, N.R. Millar14, A. Mints 48, D. Molina 17, R. Molinaro 107, L. Molnár 114, 115, 116, P. Montegriffo 38, R. Mor 17, R. Morbidelli 25, T. Morel39, D. Morris41, A.F. Mulone29, D. Munoz62, T. Muraveva 38, C.P. Murphy5 , I. Musella 107, L. Noval62, C. Ordénovic2 , G. Orrù29, J. Osinde88, C. Pagani70, I. Pagano 36, L. Palaversa117, 14, P.A. Palicio 2 , A. Panahi 90, M. Pawlak 118, 104, X. Peñalosa Esteller17, A. Penttilä 55, A.M. Piersimoni 84, F.-X. Pineau 44, E. Plachy 114, 115, 116, G. Plum13, E. Poggio 25, E. Poretti 119, E. Poujoulet120, A. Prša 103, L. Pulone 53, E. Racero37, 121, S. Ragaini38, M. Rainer 21 , C.M. Raiteri 25, N. Rambaux35, P. Ramos 17, P. Re Fiorentin 25, S. Regibo63, C. Reylé58, V. Ripepi 107, A. Riva 25, G. Rixon14, N. Robichon 13, C. Robin62, M. Roelens 15, L. Rohrbasser30, M. Romero-Gómez 17, N. Rowell41, F. Royer 13, K.A. Rybicki 104, G. Sadowski19, A. Sagristà Sellés 4 , J. Sahlmann 88, J. Salgado 8 , E. Salguero42, N. Samaras 28, V. Sanchez Gimenez17, N. Sanna21, R. Santoveña 65, M. Sarasso 25, M. Schultheis 2 , E. Sciacca 36, M. Segol95, J.C. Segovia37, D. Ségransan 15, D. Semeux89, H.I. Siddiqui 122, A. Siebert 44, 92, L. Siltala 55, E. Slezak2 , R.L. Smart 25, E. Solano123, F. Solitro29, D. Souami 102, 124, J. Souchay33, A. Spagna 25, F. Spoto 74, I.A. Steele 110, M. Süveges30, 125, 23, L. Szabados 114, E. Szegedi-Elek 114, F. Taris33, G. Tauran62, M.B. Taylor 126, R. Teixeira 85, W. Thuillot35, N. Tonello 66, F. Torra 27, J. Torra†17, C. Turon 13, N. Unger 15, M. Vaillant62, E. van Dillen95, O. Vanel13, A. Vecchiato 25, Y. Viala13, D. Vicente66, S. Voutsinas41, M. Weiler17, T. Wevers 14, Ł. Wyrzykowski 104, A. Yoldas14, P. Yvard95, H. Zhao 2 , J. Zorec127, S. Zucker 128, C. Zurbach129, and T. Zwitter 130 | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | Context. Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3) provides accurate astrometry for about 1.6 million compact (QSO-like) extragalactic sources, 1.2 million of which have the best-quality five-parameter astrometric solutions. Aims. The proper motions of QSO-like sources are used to reveal a systematic pattern due to the acceleration of the solar system barycentre with respect to the rest frame of the Universe. Apart from being an important scientific result by itself, the acceleration measured in this way is a good quality indicator of the Gaia astrometric solution. Methods. The effect of the acceleration is obtained as a part of the general expansion of the vector field of proper motions in Vector Spherical Harmonics (VSH). Various versions of the VSH fit and various subsets of the sources are tried and compared to get the most consistent result and a realistic estimate of its uncertainty. Additional tests with the Gaia astrometric solution are used to get a better idea on possible systematic errors in the estimate. Results. Our best estimate of the acceleration based on Gaia EDR3 is (2.32 ± 0.16) × 10⁻¹⁰ m s⁻² (or 7.33 ± 0.51 km s⁻¹Myr⁻¹) towards α = 269.1◦ ± 5.4◦, δ = −31.6◦ ± 4.1◦, corresponding to a proper motion amplitude of 5.05 ± 0.35 µas yr⁻¹. This is in good agreement with the acceleration expected from current models of the Galactic gravitational potential. We expect that future Gaia data releases will provide estimates of the acceleration with uncertainties substantially below 0.1 µas yr⁻¹. | en_US |
| dc.description.sponsorship | The Gaia mission and data processing have financially been supported by, in alphabetical order by country: – the Algerian Centre de Recherche en Astronomie, Astrophysique et Géophysique of Bouzareah Observatory; – the Austrian Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung (FWF) Hertha Firnberg Programme through grants T359, P20046, and P23737; – the BELgian federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) through various PROgramme de Développement d’Expériences scientifiques (PRODEX) grants and the Polish Academy of Sciences - Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek through grant VS.091.16N, and the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS); – the Brazil-France exchange programmes Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) and Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) - Comité Français d’Evaluation de la Coopération Universitaire et Scientifique avec le Brésil (COFECUB); – the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) through grants 11573054 and 11703065 and the China Scholarship Council through grant 201806040200; – the Tenure Track Pilot Programme of the Croatian Science Foundation and the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and the project TTP-2018-07-1171 ’Mining the Variable Sky’, with the funds of the Croatian-Swiss Research Programme; – the Czech-Republic Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports through grant LG 15010 and INTER-EXCELLENCE grant LTAUSA18093, and the Czech Space Office through ESA PECS contract 98058; – the Danish Ministry of Science; – the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research through grant IUT40-1; – the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme through the European Leadership in Space Astrometry (ELSA) Marie Curie Research Training Network (MRTNCT-2006-033481), through Marie Curie project PIOFGA-2009-255267 (Space AsteroSeismology & RR Lyrae stars, SAS-RRL), and through a Marie Curie Transferof-Knowledge (ToK) fellowship (MTKD-CT-2004-014188); the European Commission’s Seventh Framework Programme through grant FP7-606740 (FP7-SPACE-2013-1) for the Gaia European Network for Improved data User Services (GENIUS) and through grant 264895 for the Gaia Research for European Astronomy Training (GREAT-ITN) network; – the European Research Council (ERC) through grants 320360 and 647208 and through the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation and excellent science programmes through Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant 745617 a well as grants 670519 (Mixing and Angular Momentum tranSport of massIvE stars – MAMSIE), 687378 (Small Bodies: Near and Far), 682115 (Using the Magellanic Clouds to Understand the Interaction of Galaxies), and 695099 (A subpercent distance scale from binaries and Cepheids – CepBin); – the European Science Foundation (ESF), in the framework of the Gaia Research for European Astronomy Training Research Network Programme (GREAT-ESF); – the European Space Agency (ESA) in the framework of the Gaia project, through the Plan for European Cooperating States (PECS) programme through grants for Slovenia, through contracts C98090 and 4000106398/12/NL/KML for Hungary, and through contract 4000115263/15/NL/IB for Germany; – the Academy of Finland and the Magnus Ehrnrooth Foundation; – the French Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) through grant ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 for the ’Investissements d’avenir’ programme, through grant ANR-15-CE31-0007 for project ’Modelling the Milky Way in the Gaia era’ (MOD4Gaia), through grant ANR-14-CE33-0014-01 for project ’The Milky Way disc formation in the Gaia era’ (ARCHEOGAL), and through grant ANR-15-CE31-0012-01 for project ’Unlocking the potential of Cepheids as primary distance calibrators’ (UnlockCepheids), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and its SNO Gaia of the Institut des Sciences de l’Univers (INSU), the ’Action Fédératrice Gaia’ of the Observatoire de Paris, the Région de Franche-Comté, and the Programme National de Gravitation, Références, Astronomie, et Métrologie (GRAM) of CNRS/INSU with the Institut National Polytechnique (INP) and the Institut National de Physique nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (IN2P3) co-funded by CNES; – the German Aerospace Agency (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., DLR) through grants 50QG0501, 50QG0601, 50QG0602, 50QG0701, 50QG0901, 50QG1001, 50QG1101, 50QG1401, 50QG1402, 50QG1403, 50QG1404, and 50QG1904 and the Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing (ZIH) at the Technische Universität (TU) Dresden for generous allocations of computer time; – the Hungarian Academy of Sciences through the Lendület Programme grants LP2014-17 and LP2018-7 and through the Premium Postdoctoral Research Programme (L. Molnár), and the Hungarian National Research, Development, and Innovation Office (NKFIH) through grant KH_18-130405; – the Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) through a Royal Society - SFI University Research Fellowship (M. Fraser); – the Israel Science Foundation (ISF) through grant 848/16; – the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) through contracts I/037/08/0, I/058/10/0, 2014-025-R.0, 2014-025-R.1.2015, and 2018-24-HH.0 to the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), contract 2014-049-R.0/1/2 to INAF for the Space Science Data Centre (SSDC, formerly known as the ASI Science Data Center, ASDC), contracts I/008/10/0, 2013/030/I.0, 2013-030-I.0.1-2015, and 2016-17-I.0 to the Aerospace Logistics Technology Engineering Company (ALTEC S.p.A.), INAF, and the Italian Ministry of Education, University, and Research (Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca) through the Premiale project ’MIning The Cosmos Big Data and Innovative Italian Technology for Frontier Astrophysics and Cosmology’ (MITiC); – the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) through grant NWO-M-614.061.414, through a VICI grant (A. Helmi), and through a Spinoza prize (A. Helmi), and the Netherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA); – the Polish National Science Centre through HARMONIA grant 2018/06/M/ST9/00311, DAINA grant 2017/27/L/ST9/03221, and PRELUDIUM grant 2017/25/N/ST9/01253, and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (MNiSW) through grant DIR/WK/2018/12; – the Portugese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) through grants SFRH/BPD/74697/2010 and SFRH/BD/128840/2017 and the Strategic Programme UID/FIS/00099/2019 for CENTRA; – the Slovenian Research Agency through grant P1-0188; – the Spanish Ministry of Economy (MINECO/FEDER, UE) through grants ESP2016-80079-C2-1-R, ESP2016-80079- C2-2-R, RTI2018-095076-B-C21, RTI2018-095076-B-C22, BES-2016-078499, and BES-2017-083126 and the Juan de la Cierva formación 2015 grant FJCI-2015-2671, the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture, and Sports through grant FPU16/03827, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) through grant AYA2017-89841P for project ’Estudio de las propiedades de los fósiles estelares en el entorno del Grupo Local’ and through grant TIN2015-65316- P for project ’Computación de Altas Prestaciones VII’, the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence Programme of the Spanish Government through grant SEV2015-0493, the Institute of Cosmos Sciences University of Barcelona (ICCUB, Unidad de Excelencia ’María de Maeztu’) through grants MDM-2014-0369 and CEX2019-000918-M, the University of Barcelona’s official doctoral programme for the development of an R+D+i project through an Ajuts de Personal Investigador en Formació (APIF) grant, the Spanish Virtual Observatory through project AyA2017-84089, the Galician Regional Government, Xunta de Galicia, through grants ED431B-2018/42 and ED481A-2019/155, support received from the Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (CITIC) funded by the Xunta de Galicia, the Xunta de Galicia and the Centros Singulares de Investigación de Galicia for the period 2016- 2019 through CITIC, the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) / Fondo Europeo de Desenvolvemento Rexional (FEDER) for the Galicia 2014-2020 Programme through grant ED431G-2019/01, the Red Española de Supercomputación (RES) computer resources at MareNostrum, the Barcelona Supercomputing Centre - Centro Nacional de Supercomputación (BSC-CNS) through activities AECT-2016-1-0006, AECT-2016-2-0013, AECT-2016-3-0011, and AECT-2017-1-0020, the Departament d’Innovació, Universitats i Empresa de la Generalitat de Catalunya through grant 2014-SGR-1051 for project ’Models de Programació i Entorns d’Execució Parallels’ (MPEXPAR), and Ramon y Cajal Fellowship RYC2018- 025968-I; – the Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA/Rymdstyrelsen); – the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation through the Mesures d’Accompagnement, the Swiss Activités Nationales Complémentaires, and the Swiss National Science Foundation; – the United Kingdom Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC), the United Kingdom Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and the United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA) through the following grants to the University of Bristol, the University of Cambridge, the University of Edinburgh, the University of Leicester, the Mullard Space Sciences Laboratory of University College London, and the United Kingdom Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL): PP/D006511/1, PP/D006546/1, PP/D006570/1, ST/I000852/1, ST/J005045/1, ST/K00056X/1, ST/K000209/1, ST/K000756/1, ST/L006561/1, ST/N000595/1, ST/N000641/1, ST/N000978/1, ST/N001117/1, ST/S000089/1, ST/S000976/1, ST/S001123/1, ST/S001948/1, ST/S002103/1, and ST/V000969/1. | en_US |
| dc.description.uri | https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/29201/5015079/AccelerationSolarSystem_Accepted.pdf/74dc1784-bc83-42b2-e6cb-5004ad07305e?t=1606986122895 | en_US |
| dc.format.extent | 21 pages | en_US |
| dc.genre | journal articles | en_US |
| dc.identifier | doi:10.13016/m2pt0u-lozb | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Bertone, S.; et al.; Gaia Early Data Release 3. Acceleration of the solar system from Gaia astrometry; Astronomy & Astrophysics (2020); https://www.cosmos.esa.int/documents/29201/5015079/AccelerationSolarSystem_Accepted.pdf/74dc1784-bc83-42b2-e6cb-5004ad07305e?t=1606986122895 | en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11603/20304 | |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
| dc.publisher | European Space Agency | en_US |
| dc.relation.isAvailableAt | The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) | en_US |
| dc.relation.ispartof | UMBC Faculty Collection | en_US |
| dc.relation.ispartof | UMBC Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Department | |
| dc.relation.ispartof | UMBC Physics Department | |
| dc.rights | This item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author. | en_US |
| dc.rights | ©ESO 2020 | |
| dc.title | Gaia Early Data Release 3. Acceleration of the solar system from Gaia astrometry | en_US |
| dc.type | Text | en_US |