Evaporation From the Southern Ocean Estimatedon the Basis of AIRS Satellite Data

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dc.contributor.authorBoisvert, Linette
dc.contributor.authorVihma, Timo
dc.contributor.authorShie, Chung‐Lin
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-06T17:44:56Z
dc.date.available2020-02-06T17:44:56Z
dc.date.issued2019-12-19
dc.description.abstractEvaporation plays an important role in the global water and energy cycles and, hence, in climate change. Evaporation over the Southern Ocean, where the Antarctic sea ice coverage has a large annual cycle, is poorly quantified. In this study, daily evaporation is estimated for the Southern Ocean with a sea‐ice‐specific algorithm, using surface temperature and air humidity from National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and wind speeds from Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA‐2), reanalysis during 2003–2016. An uncertainty of 34% was found in the evaporation product. The results indicate that annual evaporation has considerable interannual and regional variability, but with a decreasing trend during the study period over most of the Southern Ocean. There are, however, areas where evaporation has increased, specifically in the Ross Sea in winter and summer, with smaller positive trends in spring and fall. Overall, the changes in the difference between the surface specific humidity and the air specific humidity, and to a much lesser extent in the wind speed, are the main drivers for the changes in evaporation throughout the year. During spring and fall months, changes to the sea ice cover, which alter the surface specific humidity, are the main drivers for the change, but in summer and winter the main driver is the air‐specific humidity. Air masses originating from the Antarctic continent (south) are associated with cold and dry conditions, which increase evaporation, whereas air masses from lower latitudes in the Southern Ocean (north) are associated with warm and moist conditions, decreasing evaporation. Comparisons with other reanalysis evaporation products produce similar trends, although annual averages differ.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipAutonomous sea ice mass balance buoy data on air temperature, humidity, and wind speed from 15 January 2016 to 1 March 2017 were obtained from http://www.meereisportal.de (grant: REKLIM‐2013‐04). AIRS data can be obtained at airs.jpl.nasa.gov. MERRA‐2 data can be obtained from https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/reanalysis/MERRA‐2/data_access/. Ice concentration can be obtained from www.nsidc.org. The work of Linette Boisvert was funded by NASA GSFC Cryospheric Science Lab. The work of Timo Vihma was funded by the Academy of Finland (contract 304345).Chung‐Lin Shie is a research faculty member at the Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET).en_US
dc.description.urihttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019JD030845en_US
dc.format.extent26 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2xso5-sq8f
dc.identifier.citationBoisvert, Linette; Vihma, Timo; Shie, Chung‐Lin; Evaporation From the Southern Ocean Estimatedon the Basis of AIRS Satellite Data; JGR Atmospheres Volume125, Issue1 (2019); https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2019JD030845en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030845
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/17227
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherAmerican Geophysical Unionen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0*
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/*
dc.titleEvaporation From the Southern Ocean Estimatedon the Basis of AIRS Satellite Dataen_US
dc.typeTexten_US

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