A gamma-ray determination of the Universe’s star formation history

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dc.contributor.authorOjha, R.
dc.contributor.authoret al.
dc.date.accessioned2020-03-10T16:18:38Z
dc.date.available2020-03-10T16:18:38Z
dc.date.issued2018-11-30
dc.description.abstractThe light emitted by all galaxies over the history of the Universe produces the extragalactic background light (EBL) at ultraviolet, optical, and infrared wavelengths. The EBL is a source of opacity for gamma rays via photon-photon interactions, leaving an imprint in the spectra of distant gamma-ray sources. We measured this attenuation using 739 active galaxies and one gamma-ray burst detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. This allowed us to reconstruct the evolution of the EBL and determine the star formation history of the Universe over 90% of cosmic time. Our star formation history is consistent with independent measurements from galaxy surveys, peaking at redshift z ~ 2. Upper limits of the EBL at the epoch of reionization suggest a turnover in the abundance of faint galaxies at z ~ 6.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipSupported by NSF and NASA through grants AST-1715256, NNX16AR72G, and 80NSSC17K0506 (M.Aj., V.P., and A.De.); Icelandic Research Fund grant 173728-051 (K.H.); the Chief of Naval Research and a grant of computer time from the Department of Defense High Performance Computing Modernization Program at the Naval Research Laboratory (J.F.); the Juan de la Cierva program from the Spanish MEC (A.Do.); Wallenberg Academy (J.C.); and Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) contract FIRB-2012-RBFR12PM1F (M.R.). The Fermi-LAT Collaboration acknowledges generous ongoing support from a number of agencies and institutes that have supported both the development and the operation of the LAT as well as scientific data analysis. These include NASA and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE); the Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (France); the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Italy); the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) (Japan); and the K. A. Wallenberg Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, and the Swedish National Space Board (Sweden). Additional support for science analysis during the operations phase came from the Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Italy, and the Centre National d’Études Spatiales, France. This work was performed in part under DOE contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6418/1031en_US
dc.format.extent5 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m23ezr-qcnn
dc.identifier.citationOjha, R.; A gamma-ray determination of the Universe’s star formation history; Science 362(6418), pp. 1031-1034 (2018); https://science.sciencemag.org/content/362/6418/1031en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat8123
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/17524
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherAmerican Association for the Advancement of Scienceen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Physics Department Collection
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Center for Space Sciences and Technology (CSST) / Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences & Technology II (CRSST II)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0*
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/*
dc.titleA gamma-ray determination of the Universe’s star formation historyen_US
dc.typeTexten_US

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