Convective lofting links Indian Ocean air pollution to paradoxical South Atlantic ozone maxima

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https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2003GL018866

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https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018866
 http://hdl.handle.net/11603/35098

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7829-0920

Date

2004-03-16

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journal articles
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Chatfield, R. B., H. Guan, A. M. Thompson, and J. C. Witte. “Convective Lofting Links Indian Ocean Air Pollution to Paradoxical South Atlantic Ozone Maxima.” Geophysical Research Letters 31, no. 6 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018866.

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This work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
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Abstract

We describe a broad resolution of the “Atlantic Parado” concerning the seasonal and geographic distribution of tropical tropospheric ozone. We highlight periods of significant maximum tropospheric O₃ for Jan.–April, 1999, exploiting satellite estimates and SHADOZ (Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesondes). Trajectory analyses connecting sondes and Total Tropospheric Ozone (TTO) maps suggest a complex influence from the Indian Ocean: beginning with mixed combustion sources, then low level transport, cumulonimbus venting, possible stratospheric input, and finally high-level transport to the west, with possible mixing over Africa. For the Jan.–March highest column-O₃ periods in the Atlantic, distinct sounding peaks trace to specific NO sources, especially lightning, while in the same episodes, recurring every 20–50 days, more diffuse buildups of Indian-to-Atlantic pollution make important contributions.