Aerosol characteristics and particle production in the upper troposphere over the Amazon Basin

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dc.contributor.authorAndreae, Meinrat O.
dc.contributor.authorAfchine, Armin
dc.contributor.authorAlbrecht, Rachel
dc.contributor.authorHolanda, Bruna Amorim
dc.contributor.authorArtaxo, Paulo
dc.contributor.authorBarbosa, H. M. J.
dc.contributor.authorBorrmann, Stephan
dc.contributor.authorCecchini, Micael A.
dc.contributor.authorCosta, Anja
dc.contributor.authorDollner, Maximilian
dc.contributor.authorFütterer, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorJärvinen, Emma
dc.contributor.authorJurkat, Tina
dc.contributor.authorKlimach, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorKonemann, Tobias
dc.contributor.authorKnote, Christoph
dc.contributor.authorKrämer, Martina
dc.contributor.authorKrisna, Trismono
dc.contributor.authorMachado, Luiz A. T.
dc.contributor.authorMertes, Stephan
dc.contributor.authorMinikin, Andreas
dc.contributor.authorPöhlker, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorPöhlker, Mira L.
dc.contributor.authorPöschl, Ulrich
dc.contributor.authorRosenfeld, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorSauer, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorSchlager, Hans
dc.contributor.authorSchnaiter, Martin
dc.contributor.authorSchneider, Johannes
dc.contributor.authorSchulz, Christiane
dc.contributor.authorSpanu, Antonio
dc.contributor.authorSperling, Vinicius B.
dc.contributor.authorVoigt, Christiane
dc.contributor.authorWalser, Adrian
dc.contributor.authorWang, Jian
dc.contributor.authorWeinzierl, Bernadett
dc.contributor.authorWendisch, Manfred
dc.contributor.authorZiereis, Helmut
dc.date.accessioned2024-06-28T18:10:06Z
dc.date.available2024-06-28T18:10:06Z
dc.date.issued2018-01-25
dc.description.abstractAirborne observations over the Amazon Basin showed high aerosol particle concentrations in the upper troposphere (UT) between 8 and 15 km altitude, with number densities (normalized to standard temperature and pressure) often exceeding those in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude. The measurements were made during the German-Brazilian cooperative aircraft campaign ACRIDICON-CHUVA, where ACRIDICON stands for Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, and Radiation Interactions and Dynamics of Convective Cloud Systems and CHUVA is the acronym for Cloud Processes of the Main Precipitation Systems in Brazil: A Contribution to Cloud Resolving Modeling and to the GPM (global precipitation measurement), on the German High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO). The campaign took place in September-October 2014, with the objective of studying tropical deep convective clouds over the Amazon rainforest and their interactions with atmospheric trace gases, aerosol particles, and atmospheric radiation. Aerosol enhancements were observed consistently on all flights during which the UT was probed, using several aerosol metrics, including condensation nuclei (CN) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations and chemical species mass concentrations. The UT particles differed sharply in their chemical composition and size distribution from those in the PBL, ruling out convective transport of combustion-derived particles from the boundary layer (BL) as a source. The air in the immediate outflow of deep convective clouds was depleted of aerosol particles, whereas strongly enhanced number concentrations of small particles (< 90 nm diameter) were found in UT regions that had experienced outflow from deep convection in the preceding 5-72 h. We also found elevated concentrations of larger (> 90 nm) particles in the UT, which consisted mostly of organic matter and nitrate and were very effective CCN. Our findings suggest a conceptual model, where production of new aerosol particles takes place in the continental UT from biogenic volatile organic material brought up by deep convection and converted to condensable species in the UT. Subsequently, downward mixing and transport of upper tropospheric aerosol can be a source of particles to the PBL, where they increase in size by the condensation of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) oxidation products. This may be an important source of aerosol particles for the Amazonian PBL, where aerosol nucleation and new particle formation have not been observed. We propose that this may have been the dominant process supplying secondary aerosol particles in the pristine atmosphere, making clouds the dominant control of both removal and production of atmospheric particles.
dc.description.sponsorshipWe thank the entire ACRIDICON–CHUVA team for the great cooperation that made this study possible. Our thanks go especially to the HALO pilots, Steffen Gemsa, Michael Grossrubatscher, and Stefan Grillenbeck, who always worked hard to put the aircraft in the right place for our measurements, even under sometimes difficult conditions. We appreciate the support of the colleagues from enviscope GmbH for their valuable help in certifying and installing the numerous instruments for HALO and thank the HALO team of the DLR for their cooperation. We acknowledge the generous support of the ACRIDICON–CHUVA campaign by the Max Planck Society, the German Aerospace Center (DLR), FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation), and the German Science Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) within the DFG Priority Program (SPP 1294) “Atmospheric and Earth System Research with the Research Aircraft HALO (High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft)” by contract nos. VO1504/4-1, SCHN1138/1-2, MI 583/4-1, JU 3059/1-1, WE 1900/22-1, WE 1900/24-1, and WE 1900/36-1. This study was also supported by EU Project HAIC under FP7-AAT-2012- 3.5.1-1 and by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, grant no. 01LG1205E). Christine Voigt acknowledges financing by the Helmholtz Association under contract no. W2/W3-60. Micael A. Cecchini was funded by FAPESP grant nos. 2014/08615-7 and 2014/21189-7. The participation of Daniel Rosenfeld was supported by project BACCHUS, European Commission FP7-603445. Bernadett Weinzierl, Maximilian Dollner, Daniel Sauer, and Adrian Walser received funding from the Helmholtz Association under grant VH-NG-606 (HelmholtzHochschul-Nachwuchsforschergruppe AerCARE) and from the European Research Council under the European Community’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation framework program/ERC grant agreement 640458 (A-LIFE). Antonio Spanu was funded through the Marie Curie Initial Training Network VERTIGO (grant agreement no. 607905). The article processing charges for this open-access publication were covered by the Max Planck Society
dc.description.urihttps://acp.copernicus.org/articles/18/921/2018/
dc.format.extent41 pages
dc.genrejournal articles
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2p08x-6np7
dc.identifier.citationAndreae, Meinrat O., Armin Afchine, Rachel Albrecht, Bruna Amorim Holanda, Paulo Artaxo, Henrique M. J. Barbosa, Stephan Borrmann, et al. “Aerosol Characteristics and Particle Production in the Upper Troposphere over the Amazon Basin.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 921–61. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-921-2018.
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-921-2018
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/34774
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherEGU
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Physics Department
dc.rightsCC BY 4.0 DEED Attribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.titleAerosol characteristics and particle production in the upper troposphere over the Amazon Basin
dc.typeText
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4027-1855

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