The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): Presenting The Demographics of X-ray Emission From Normal Galaxies

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dc.contributor.authorVulic, N.
dc.contributor.authorHornschemeier, A. E.
dc.contributor.authorHaberl, F.
dc.contributor.authorBasu-Zych, Antara
dc.contributor.authorKyritsis, E.
dc.contributor.authorZezas, A.
dc.contributor.authorSalvato, M.
dc.contributor.authorPtak, A.
dc.contributor.authorBogdan, A.
dc.contributor.authorKovlakas, K.
dc.contributor.authorWilms, J.
dc.contributor.authorSasaki, M.
dc.contributor.authorLiu, T.
dc.contributor.authorMerloni, A.
dc.contributor.authorDwelly, T.
dc.contributor.authorBrunner, H.
dc.contributor.authorLamer, G.
dc.contributor.authorMaitra, C.
dc.contributor.authorNandra, K.
dc.contributor.authorSantangelo, A.
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-23T20:11:04Z
dc.date.available2021-07-23T20:11:04Z
dc.date.issued2021-06-28
dc.description.abstractThe eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS), completed during the calibration and performance verification phase of the eROSITA instrument on SpectrumRoentgenGamma, delivers data at and beyond the final depth of the four-year eROSITA all-sky survey (eRASS:8), f₀.₅₋₂ ₖₑᵥ = 1.1×10⁻¹⁴ erg s⁻¹ cm², over 140 deg². It provides the first view of normal galaxy X-ray emission from X-ray binaries (XRBs) and the hot interstellar medium at the full depth of eRASS:8. We use the Heraklion Extragalactic Catalogue (HECATE) of galaxies to correlate with eFEDS X-ray sources and identify 94 X-ray detected normal galaxies. We classify galaxies as star-forming, early-type, composite, and AGN using SDSS and 6dF optical spectroscopy. The eFEDS field harbours 37 normal galaxies: 36 late-type (star-forming) galaxies and 1 early-type galaxy. There are 1.9 times as many normal galaxies as predicted by scaling relations via SIXTE simulations, with an overabundance of late-type galaxies and a dearth of early-type galaxies. Dwarf galaxies with high specific star formation rate (SFR) have elevated LX/SFR when compared with specific SFR and metallicity, indicating an increase in XRB emission due to low-metallicity. We expect that eRASS:8 will detect 12,500 normal galaxies, the majority of which will be star-forming, with the caveat that there are unclassified sources in eFEDS and galaxy catalogue incompleteness issues that could increase the actual number of detected galaxies over these current estimates. eFEDS observations detected a rare population of galaxies -- the metal-poor dwarf starbursts -- that do not follow known scaling relations. eRASS is expected to discover significant numbers of these high-redshift analogues, which are important for studying the heating of the intergalactic medium at high-redshift.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipA.R.B. acknowledges support from NASA under award number 80GSFC21M0002. This work is based on data from eROSITA, the soft X-ray instrument aboard SRG, a joint Russian-German science mission supported by the Russian Space Agency (Roskosmos), in the interests of the Russian Academy of Sciences represented by its Space Research Institute (IKI), and the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR). The SRG spacecraft was built by Lavochkin Association (NPOL) and its subcontractors, and is operated by NPOL with support from the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE). The development and construction of the eROSITA X-ray instrument was led by MPE, with contributions from the Dr. Karl Remeis Observatory Bamberg & ECAP (FAU Erlangen-Nuernberg), the University of Hamburg Observatory, the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), and the Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics of the University of Tübingen, with the support of DLR and the Max Planck Society. The Argelander Institute for Astronomy of the University of Bonn and the Ludwig Maximilians Universität Munich also participated in the science preparation for eROSITA. Funding for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) has been provided by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the Participating Institutions, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, the US Department of Energy, the Japanese Monbukagakusho, and the Max Planck Society. The SDSS Web site is http://www.sdss.org/. The SDSS is managed by the Astrophysical Research Consortium (ARC) for the Participating Institutions. The Participating Institutions are The University of Chicago, Fermilab, the Institute for Advanced Study, the Japan Participation Group, The Johns Hopkins University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), the Max-PlanckInstitute for Astrophysics (MPA), New Mexico State University, University of Pittsburgh, Princeton University, the United States Naval Observatory, and the University of Washington. This research has made use of data obtained from the Chandra Source Catalog, provided by the Chandra X-ray Center (CXC) as part of the Chandra Data Archive. This research has made use of data obtained from the 4XMM XMM-Newton serendipitous source catalogue compiled by the 10 institutes of the XMM-Newton Survey Science Centre selected by ESA. This publication makes use of data products from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which is a joint project of the University of California, Los Angeles, and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, which is a joint project of the University of Massachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/California Institute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. We acknowledge the usage of the HyperLeda database (http://leda.univ-lyon1.fr).en_US
dc.description.urihttps://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2022/05/aa41641-21/aa41641-21.htmlen_US
dc.format.extent17 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2vyl4-xvvb
dc.identifier.citationVulic, N. et al. "The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): Presenting the demographics of X-ray emission from normal galaxies." A&A, 661 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141641.
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/22068
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141641
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherEDP Sciences
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Physics Department Collection
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.titleThe eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): Presenting The Demographics of X-ray Emission From Normal Galaxiesen_US
dc.typeTexten_US

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