SN 2019vxm: A Shocking Coincidence between Fermi and TESS

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dc.contributor.authorLane, Zachary G.
dc.contributor.authorRidden-Harper, Ryan
dc.contributor.authorRest, Sofia
dc.contributor.authorRest, Armin
dc.contributor.authorRansome, Conor L.
dc.contributor.authorWang, Qinan
dc.contributor.authorMontilla, Clarinda
dc.contributor.authorSteed, Micaela
dc.contributor.authorAndreoni, Igor
dc.contributor.authorArmstrong, Patrick
dc.contributor.authorBrown, Peter J.
dc.contributor.authorCooke, Jeffrey
dc.contributor.authorCoulter, David A.
dc.contributor.authorFox, Ori
dc.contributor.authorFreeburn, James
dc.contributor.authorGaloppo, Marco
dc.contributor.authorGal-Yam, Avishay
dc.contributor.authorGoldberg, Jared A.
dc.contributor.authorHarvey-Hawes, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorHounsell, Rebekah
dc.contributor.authorLeicester, Brayden
dc.contributor.authorLinial, Itai
dc.contributor.authorMoore, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorMourier, Pierre
dc.contributor.authorNugent, Anya E.
dc.contributor.authorO'Neill, David
dc.contributor.authorRoxburgh, Hugh
dc.contributor.authorShukawa, Koji
dc.contributor.authorSmartt, Stephen J.
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Nathan
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Ken W.
dc.contributor.authorCarrasco, Sebastian Vergara
dc.contributor.authorVillar, V. Ashley
dc.contributor.authorWasserman, Tal
dc.contributor.authorYossef, Zenati
dc.contributor.authorZimmerman, Erez
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-07T19:43:52Z
dc.date.issued2025-11-20
dc.descriptiondoctoral Fellowship RFT-UOC2203-PD. H.R. is supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship. Q.W. is supported by the Sagol Weizmann-MIT Bridge Program. S.J.S. acknowledge funding from STFC Grant ST/Y001605/1, a Royal Society Research Professorship and the Hintze Family Charitable Foundation. The Flatiron Institute is supported by the Simons Foundation. This work was partially supported by NASA ADAP grant 80NSSC22K0494. This paper includes data collected with the TESS mission, obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5–26555. This work has made use of data from the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) project. The Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) project is primarily funded to search for near earth asteroids through NASA grants NN12AR55G, 80NSSC18K0284, and 80NSSC18K1575; byproducts of the NEO search include images and catalogs from the survey area. This work was partially funded by Kepler/K2 grant J1944/80NSSC19K0112 and HST GO-15889, and STFC grants ST/T000198/1 and ST/S006109/1. The ATLAS science products have been made possible through the contributions of the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy, the Queen’s University Belfast, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the South African Astronomical Observatory, and The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS), Chile. The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) and the PS1 public science archive have been made possible through contributions by the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, the Queen’s University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation Grant No. AST–1238877, the University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE), the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Pan-STARRS is now primarily funded to search for near-earth asteroids through NASA grants NNX08AR22G and NNX14AM74G. The Pan-STARRS science products for LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA follow-up are made possible through the contributions of the University of Hawaii’s Institute for Astronomy and Queen’s University Belfast and the University of Oxford. This work is based on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin Telescope 48-inch and the 60-inch Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of the Zwicky Transient Facility project. ZTF is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. AST1440341 and AST-2034437 and a collaboration including current partners Caltech, IPAC, the Oskar Klein Center at Stockholm University, the University of Maryland, University of California, Berkeley , the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, University of Warwick, Ruhr University, Cornell University, Northwestern University and Drexel University. Operations are conducted by COO, IPAC, and UW. This research is based on observations made with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5–26555. This research has made use of data and/or software provided by the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), which is a service of the Astrophysics Science Division at NASA/GSFC. The Fermi Gamma-ray Data Tools are partially funded through the NASA ADAP Grant 80NSSC21K0651 and the NASA SMD Open Source Tools, Frameworks, and Libraries Grant 80NSSC22K1741. We acknowledge ESA Gaia, DPAC and the Photometric Science Alerts Team (http://gsaweb.ast.cam.ac.uk/ alerts). This work makes use of observations made with the Sinistro instrumentation at McDonald O
dc.description.abstractShock breakout and, in some cases, jet-driven high-energy emission are increasingly recognized as key signatures of the earliest phases of core-collapse supernovae, especially in Type IIn systems due to their dense, interaction-dominated circumstellar environments. We present a comprehensive photometric analysis of SN 2019vxm, a long-duration, luminous Type IIn supernova, Mᵥ = -21.41 ± 0.05 mag, observed from X-ray to near-infrared. SN 2019vxm is the first superluminous supernovae Type IIn to be caught with well-sampled TESS photometric data on the rise and has a convincing coincident X-ray source at the time of first light. The high-cadence TESS light curve captures the early-time rise, which is well described by a broken power law with an index of n=1.41± 0.04, significantly shallower than the canonical n=2 behavior. From this, we constrain the time of first light to within 7.2 hours. We identify a spatial and temporal coincidence between SN 2019vxm and the X-ray transient GRB191117A, corresponding to a 3.3σ association confidence. Both the short-duration X-ray event and the lightcurve modeling are consistent with shock breakout into a dense, asymmetric circumstellar medium, indicative of a massive, compact progenitor such as a luminous blue variable transitioning to Wolf-Rayet phase embedded in a clumpy, asymmetric environment.
dc.description.sponsorshipWe greatly appreciate the help of Jan Eldridge for help with initial interpretation and early modelling. We also want to acknowledge the engaging discussions with Ryan J. Foley, Ore Gottlieb, Justin Pierel, Gautham Narayan, Tyler Pritchard, Melissa Shahbandeh, and Louis-Gregory Strolger that helped frame aspects of the analysis and provided stimulating discussions. We acknowledge access to the few Pan-STARRS data points from the Pan-STARRS NEO survey data. Z.G.L., R.R.H., C.M. and P.M. are supported by the Marsden Fund administered by the Royal Society of New Zealand, Te Ap¯arangi under grants M1255 and M1271. Z.G.L. would like to acknowledge the support of the School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Travel Grant, which contributed to the success of this research. R.R.H. is also supported by the Rutherford Foundation Post-doctoral Fellowship RFT-UOC2203-PD. H.R. is supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship. Q.W. is supported by the Sagol Weizmann-MIT Bridge Program. S.J.S. acknowledge funding from STFC Grant ST/Y001605/1, a Royal Society Research Professorship and the Hintze Family Charitable Foundation. The Flatiron Institute is supported by the Simons Foundation. This work was partially supported by NASA ADAP grant 80NSSC22K0494. This paper includes data collected with the TESS mission, obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI). Funding for the TESS mission is provided by the NASA Explorer Program. STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5–26555. This work has made use of data from the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) project. The Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) project is primarily funded to search for near earth asteroids through NASA grants NN12AR55G, 80NSSC18K0284, and 80NSSC18K1575; byproducts of the NEO search include images and catalogs from the survey area. This work was partially funded by Kepler/K2 grant J1944/80NSSC19K0112 and HST GO-15889, and STFC grants ST/T000198/1 and ST/S006109/1. The ATLAS science products have been made possible through the contributions of the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy, the Queen’s University Belfast, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the South African Astronomical Observatory, and The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS), Chile. The Pan-STARRS1 Surveys (PS1) and the PS1 public science archive have been made possible through contributions by the Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, the Pan-STARRS Project Office, the Max-Planck Society and its participating institutes, the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg and the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, The Johns Hopkins University, Durham University, the University of Edinburgh, the Queen’s University Belfast, the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network Incorporated, the National Central University of Taiwan, the Space Telescope Science Institute, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grant No. NNX08AR22G issued through the Planetary Science Division of the NASA Science Mission Directorate, the National Science Foundation Grant No. AST–1238877, the University of Maryland, Eotvos Lorand University (ELTE), the Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Pan-STARRS is now primarily funded to search for near-earth asteroids through NASA grants NNX08AR22G and NNX14AM74G. The Pan-STARRS science products for LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA follow-up are made possible through the contributions of the University of Hawaii’s Institute for Astronomy and Queen’s University Belfast and the University of Oxford. This work is based on observations obtained with the Samuel Oschin Telescope 48-inch and the 60-inch Telescope at the Palomar Observatory as part of the Zwicky Transient Facility project. ZTF is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants No. AST1440341 and AST-2034437 and a collaboration including current partners Caltech, IPAC, the Oskar Klein Center at Stockholm University, the University of Maryland, University of California, Berkeley , the University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee, University of Warwick, Ruhr University, Cornell University, Northwestern University and Drexel University. Operations are conducted by COO, IPAC, and UW. This research is based on observations made with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, obtained from the MAST data archive at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5–26555. This research has made use of data and/or software provided by the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), which is a service of the Astrophysics Science Division at NASA/GSFC. The Fermi Gamma-ray Data Tools are partially funded through the NASA ADAP Grant 80NSSC21K0651 and the NASA SMD Open Source Tools, Frameworks, and Libraries Grant 80NSSC22K1741. We acknowledge ESA Gaia, DPAC and the Photometric Science Alerts Team (http://gsaweb.ast.cam.ac.uk/ alerts). This work makes use of observations made with the Sinistro instrumentation at McDonald O
dc.description.urihttp://arxiv.org/abs/2511.15975
dc.format.extent25 pages
dc.genrejournal articles
dc.genrepreprints
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2n9xw-igim
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2511.15975
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/41418
dc.language.isoen
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Center for Space Sciences and Technology (CSST) / Center for Research and Exploration in Space Sciences & Technology II (CRSST II)
dc.rightsAttribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectAstrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
dc.titleSN 2019vxm: A Shocking Coincidence between Fermi and TESS
dc.typeText
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0476-4206

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