Convective transport and scavenging of peroxides by thunderstorms observed over the central U.S. during DC3

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dc.contributor.authorBarth, M. C.
dc.contributor.authorBela, M. M.
dc.contributor.authorFried, A.
dc.contributor.authorWennberg, P. O.
dc.contributor.authorCrounse, J.D.
dc.contributor.authorSt. Clair, Jason
dc.contributor.authorBlake, N. J.
dc.contributor.authorBlake, D.R.
dc.contributor.authorHomeyer, C. R.
dc.contributor.authorBrune, W. H.
dc.contributor.authorZhang, L.
dc.contributor.authorMao, J.
dc.contributor.authorRen, X.
dc.contributor.authorRyerson, T. B.
dc.contributor.authorPollack, I. B.
dc.contributor.authorPeischl, J.
dc.contributor.authorCohen, R. C.
dc.contributor.authorNault, B. A.
dc.contributor.authorHuey, L. G.
dc.contributor.authorLiu, X.
dc.contributor.authorCantrell, C. A.
dc.date.accessioned2020-06-16T18:22:28Z
dc.date.available2020-06-16T18:22:28Z
dc.date.issued2016-04-29
dc.description.abstractOne of the objectives of the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field experiment was to determine the scavenging of soluble trace gases by thunderstorms. We present an analysis of scavenging of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and methyl hydrogen peroxide (CH₃OOH) from six DC3 cases that occurred in Oklahoma and northeast Colorado. Estimates of H₂O₂ scavenging efficiencies are comparable to previous studies ranging from 79 to 97% with relative uncertainties of 5–25%. CH₃OOH scavenging efficiencies ranged from 12 to 84% with relative uncertainties of 18–558%. The wide range of CH₃OOH scavenging efficiencies is surprising, as previous studies suggested that CH₃OOH scavenging efficiencies would be <10%. Cloud chemistry model simulations of one DC3 storm produced CH₃OOH scavenging efficiencies of 26–61% depending on the ice retention factor of CH₃OOH during cloud drop freezing, suggesting ice physics impacts CH₃OOH scavenging. The highest CH₃OOH scavenging efficiencies occurred in two severe thunderstorms, but there is no obvious correlation between the CH₃OOH scavenging efficiency and the storm thermodynamic environment. We found a moderate correlation between the estimated entrainment rates and CH₃OOH scavenging efficiencies. Changes in gas‐phase chemistry due to lightning production of nitric oxide and aqueous‐phase chemistry have little effect on CH₃OOH scavenging efficiencies. To determine why CH₃OOH can be substantially removed from storms, future studies should examine effects of entrainment rate, retention of CH₃OOH in frozen cloud particles during drop freezing, and lightning‐NOₓ production.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors thank the DC3 Science and Logistics teams for the successful execution of the DC3 field campaign. Data from the DC3 field project can be found at http://data.eol.ucar.edu/master_list/?project=DC3. The aircraft data are also located at http://www‐air.larc.nasa.gov/cgi‐bin/ArcView/dc3‐seac4rs. Output from the model simulations can be obtained upon request to M. Barth (barthm@ucar.edu). We appreciate Conrad Ziegler (NOAA/NSSL) and his team as well as the NCAR/EOL ISS team for the radiosonde data. G. Diskin and his team are acknowledged for their DC‐8 water vapor and CO measurements. We are grateful for the informative weather summaries provided by Morris Weisman and Craig Schwartz during the DC3 field campaign. We value the contributions of John Orlando and the comments on the paper by Sasha Madronich, Rebecca Hornbrook and the three anonymous reviewers. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. The INSTAAR group acknowledges NSF and NASA under grant awards AGS‐1261559 and NNX12AMO8G, respectively, for funding their participation in the measurements and analysis. The Caltech group thanks NASA for funding their participation in DC3 and contribution to this analysis via grants NNX12AC06G and NNX14AP46G‐ACCDAM. N. Blake and D. Blake acknowledge support for DC3 measurements from NASA award NNX12AB76G. C. Homeyer was supported by NSF under grant AGS‐1522910. W. H. Brune, L. Zhang, J. Mao, and X. Ren were supported by NASA grant NNX12AB84G. T. B. Ryerson, J. Peischl, and I. B. Pollack were supported under the NOAA Climate Change and NOAA Health of the Atmosphere programs, with participation in DC3 made possible by NASA grant NNH12AT30I. R. C. Cohen and B. A. Nault were supported by NASA grant NNX12AB79G. B. A. Nault was also supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship under grant DGE 1106400. L. G. Huey and X. Liu were supported by NASA grant NNX12AB77G.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2015JD024570en_US
dc.format.extent24 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2z3hx-ckth
dc.identifier.citationBarth, M. C., et al. (2016), Convectivetransport and scavenging of peroxidesby thunderstorms observed over thecentral U.S. during DC3, J. Geophys. Res.Atmos., 121, 4272–4295, doi:10.1002/2015JD024570.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1002/2015JD024570
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/18906
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherAGU Pubicationen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0*
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/*
dc.titleConvective transport and scavenging of peroxides by thunderstorms observed over the central U.S. during DC3en_US
dc.typeTexten_US

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