Cohort-Level Protection and Individualized Inference in AI-Based Monitoring

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are increasingly used to monitor large groups of similar units (e.g., patients, credit cards), but critical decisions must often be made at the individual level.We propose a framework that:• Borrows strength across a cohort for better accuracy,• Enables automated, individualized inference, and• Supports early detection of system breaches (e.g., tumor growth, fraud).Applications include:• Cancer screening via image analysis• Credit card fraud detection• Cybersecurity and ecological monitoring Our work offers a scalable, mathematically grounded approach that blends cohort-level learning with personalized monitoring, forming a key step toward digital twins and precision healthcare.