Evaluating the state-of-the-art in remote volcanic eruption characterization Part II: Ulawun volcano, Papua New Guinea

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dc.contributor.authorMcKee, Kathleen
dc.contributor.authorSmith, Cassandra M.
dc.contributor.authorReath, Kevin
dc.contributor.authorSnee, Eveanjelene
dc.contributor.authorMaher, Sean
dc.contributor.authorMatoza, Robin S.
dc.contributor.authorCarn, Simon
dc.contributor.authorRoman, Diana C.
dc.contributor.authorMastin, Larry
dc.contributor.authorAnderson, Kyle
dc.contributor.authorDamby, David
dc.contributor.authorItikarai, Ima
dc.contributor.authorMulina, Kila
dc.contributor.authorSaunders, Steve
dc.contributor.authorAssink, Jelle D.
dc.contributor.authorLeiva, Rodrigo de Negri
dc.contributor.authorPerttu, Anna
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-11T16:13:06Z
dc.date.available2023-01-11T16:13:06Z
dc.date.issued2021-09-22
dc.description.abstractRetrospective eruption characterization is valuable for advancing our understanding of volcanic systems and evaluating our observational capabilities, especially with remote technologies (defined here as a space-borne system or non-local, ground-based instrumentation which include regional and remote infrasound sensors). In June 2019, the open-system Ulawun volcano, Papua New Guinea, produced a VEI 4 eruption. We combined data from satellites (including Sentinel-2, TROPOMI, MODIS, Himawari-8), the International Monitoring System infrasound network, and GLD360 globally detected lightning with information from the local authorities and social media to characterize the pre-, syn- and post-eruptive behaviour. The Rabaul Volcano Observatory recorded ~24 h of seismicity and detected SO2 emissions ~16 h before the visually-documented start of the Plinian phase on 26 June at 04:20 UTC. Infrasound and SO2 detections suggest the eruption started during the night on 24 June 2019 at 10:39 UTC ~38 h before ash detections with a gas-dominated jetting phase. Local reports and infrasound detections show that the second phase of the eruption started on 25 June 19:28 UTC with ~6 h of jetting. The first detected lightning occurred on 26 June 00:14 UTC, and ash emissions were first detected by Himawari-8 at 01:00 UTC. Post-eruptive satellite imagery indicates new flow deposits to the south and north of the edifice and ash fall to the west and southwest. In particular, regional infrasound data provided novel insight into eruption onset and syn-eruptive changes in intensity. We conclude that, while remote observations are sufficient for detection and tracking of syn-eruptive changes, key challenges in data latency, acquisition, and synthesis must be addressed to improve future near-real-time characterization of eruptions at minimally-monitored or unmonitored volcanoes.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis project originated at the Cooperative Institute for Dynamic Earth Research (CIDER) 2019 Summer Program: Volcanoes funded by NSF Grant EAR-1664595 to Bruce Buffett, Barbara Romanowicz, Roland Burgmann, Michael Manga, and Richard Allen. We thank two anonymous reviewers and Dave Schneider for helpful comments. McKee acknowledges NSF grant EAR-PF-1725730. Maher, de Negri, and Matoza acknowledge NSF grants EAR-1620576 and EAR-1847736. Smith acknowledges NSF grant EAR-PF-1855153. Carn acknowledges NASA grants 80NSSC17K0240 and 80NSSC20K0983. We used the following open access tools: UAFGeoTools (https://github.com/uafgeotools), ObsPy (https://github.com/obspy). This work comprises Earth Observatory of Singapore contribution no. 358. Disclaimer: The views presented in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the CTBTO. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for K. McKee, C.M. Smith, K. Reath et al. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 420 (2021) 107381 12 descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0377027321002109en_US
dc.format.extent14 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2muqn-ndwf
dc.identifier.citationMcKee, Kathleen, et al. “Evaluating the state-of-the-art in remote volcanic eruption characterization Part II: Ulawun volcano, Papua New Guinea” Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 420, 107381 (December 2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107381.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107381
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/26623
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC GESTAR II Collection
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.en_US
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/*
dc.titleEvaluating the state-of-the-art in remote volcanic eruption characterization Part II: Ulawun volcano, Papua New Guineaen_US
dc.typeTexten_US
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3189-9189en_US

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