The Influence of Solar Forcing on Tropical Circulation
| dc.contributor.author | Lee, Jae N. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Shindell, Drew T. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Hameed, Sultan | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-07-11T21:52:28Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-07-11T21:52:28Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2009-11-15 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The response of the seasonal tropical circulation to an 11-yr solar cycle forcing is studied with the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) ModelE, which includes fully interactive atmospheric chemistry. To identify characteristic solar signals in the tropical circulation, the model experiments are carried out with certain imposed conditions: a doubly amplified solar forcing and the present-day and preindustrial greenhouse gases and aerosol conditions, with the mixed layer or fully coupled dynamic ocean model. In both the model and the NCEP reanalysis, tropical humidity increases in response to enhanced solar irradiance are found to be statistically significant in both solstice seasons. Changes are also found in the vertical velocities for both the Hadley and Walker circulations in some areas of the Pacific region. With present-day greenhouse gas and aerosol conditions, the ascending branch of the Hadley cell is enhanced near the equator, and the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is shifted northward in response to solar forcing during the boreal winter. Enhancement of the meridionally averaged vertical velocity over the western Pacific indicates strengthening of the Walker circulation in response to solar forcing in both solstice seasons. In present-day conditions, the tropical circulation response to an 11-yr solar forcing is generally consistent with that derived from previous observational works. | en |
| dc.description.sponsorship | This work was supported by the NASA Living with a Star Program and Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program. We thank Greg Faluvegi for running the GISS GCM and organizing the model outputs, and we thank Christy Field for performing the doubled forcing simulation. We also thank Minghua Zhang for providing the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM2) radiation parameterization code and Hua Song, David Black, Dong L. Wu, and Marat Khairoutdinov for useful discussions. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for suggestions and comments that have led to significant improvements of the paper. | en |
| dc.description.uri | https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/22/22/2009jcli2670.1.xml | en |
| dc.format.extent | 16 pages | en |
| dc.genre | journal articles | en |
| dc.identifier | doi:10.13016/m2qsd8-10gf | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Lee, Jae N., Drew T. Shindell, and Sultan Hameed. "The Influence of Solar Forcing on Tropical Circulation", Journal of Climate 22, 22 (2009): 5870-5885, doi: https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2670.1 | en |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2670.1 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11603/28618 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | en |
| dc.publisher | AMS | en |
| dc.relation.isAvailableAt | The University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) | |
| dc.relation.ispartof | UMBC Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology | |
| dc.rights | © Copyright 15 Nov 2009 American Meteorological Society (AMS). For permission to reuse any portion of this work, please contact permissions@ametsoc.org. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 U.S. Code §?107) or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC § 108) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a website or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. All AMS journals and monograph publications are registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (https://www.copyright.com). Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy statement, available on the AMS website (https://www.ametsoc.org/PUBSCopyrightPolicy). | en |
| dc.title | The Influence of Solar Forcing on Tropical Circulation | en |
| dc.type | Text | en |
| dcterms.creator | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9814-9855 | en |