Browsing by Subject "Gender"
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Item Antisocial Personality Disorder and Romantic Relationship Functioning in an Epidemiologically-Based Sample(2009-01-01) Bell, Marie; Murphy, Christopher M; Psychology; PsychologyThe objective of this project was to characterize the romantic relationship functioning of those with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). There is a gap in the literature on this topic. An epidemiologically-based, longitudinal, community sample collected by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (N = 1297) was used. It was hypothesized that the relationship functioning of participants with ASPD would be more maladaptive as compared to those without ASPD. This notion was generally supported. Relationships of those with ASPD were found to be more impaired regarding: general relationship quality, confiding with their partners, sharing activities with their partners, communication, number of partnerships (i.e., promiscuity), mutual emotional abuse, and mutual physical abuse. However, affection, commitment, and viewing their relationships as important were not found to differ between the ASPD and non-ASPD groups. Unexpectedly, relationships of those with ASPD were found to be longer than those without ASPD. A gender interaction was found for emotional and physical abuse, but not for relationship quality. There is some evidence, then, that the relationships of women are particularly impacted by ASPD. Counter to hypotheses, childhood disruptive experiences and maltreatment did not predict adult relationship quality for those with the disorder. However, childhood maltreatment did predict adult relationship quality for those without ASPD. The goal of establishing heterogeneity regarding romantic relationships within the disorder was thus not met. This study provides empirical evidence of the romantic relationship impairment of those with ASPD and has implications for understanding the relationship strategies these individuals may employ.Item A Brave Space for Community: Bolstering K-12 Theatre Education for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion(2019-05) Loest, Tylor; MA in Arts AdministrationChanges in and enhanced access to K-12 theatre education can create greater long-term diversity, equity, and inclusion in American theatre. Recent data on theatre participation demonstrates audience participants to be primarily white, older, and highly educated. This group of participants is aging and decreasing their attendance. This paper explores how twentieth-century suburban growth, racial discrimination, and widening income inequality led to a system of Opportunity Hoarding. This opportunity for early arts-access, created predominantly for white Americans, aided their lifelong participation. As America shifts to a majority-minority in 2045, classrooms will begin to become more racially and ethnically diverse beginning around 2020. The second part of this paper examines how practices of the twentieth century created a diversity gap in the classroom, failing to reflect today’s students and communities. This gap hinders students from fully embracing lifelong participation in theatre. The findings of this paper demonstrate how professional theatres and community arts and cultural organizations, through a social justice lens for community engagement, can aid schools in eliminating bias within K-12 theatre education to build future participants. To combat widening income inequality, these arts and cultural leaders can work with students and communities to meet their needs in gaining access to live theatre. Finally, with public schools focused on standardized tests and the charge to fill science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers by 2020, access to K-12 theatre education must be redefined to restore its place among core areas of study. The creation of a brave space for community building in schools for K-12 theatre education can aid in increasing test scores, developing social-emotional skills, re-engage civil discourse, and move STEM to STEAM. These changes can result in enhanced access to K-12 theatre education. This early exposure to theatre will build a more diverse, equitable, and inclusive American theatre.Item Chemistry Motivation and Achievement at the Intersection of Gender and Ethnicity(2019-01-01) French, Allison Morgan; Else-Quest, Nicole M; Psychology; PsychologyIn the United States, the STEM workforce faces a diversity problem. Women and people of color remain underrepresented in STEM education and careers (National Science Board, 2018). A possible reason for continued underrepresentation in STEM is student motivation. The current study explores the following two questions: First, how do motivation and achievement in chemistry differ across gender and ethnicity? Second, do gender and ethnicity moderate the links between students? motivation in chemistry and their subsequent achievement in an introductory chemistry course? The current study examines four components of student motivation - perceived competence, interest, attainment value, and utility value - in an introductory chemistry course at a four-year, public university. Participants include n = 200 undergraduate students (50.5% women; 29.5% underrepresented minority students). Results revealed a pattern of gender and ethnic group similarities in student achievement in the course. However, men reported greater perceived competence, but lower utility value for chemistry than women. By contrast, ethnic groups did not differ in chemistry motivation. Motivation predicted achievement in the chemistry course, and this link was not moderated by gender and ethnicity. The current study highlights a need for interventions to boost women'sperceived competence in chemistry.Item Chrysalis(2017) McKernan, Mary; EnglishItem Culture Keepers: A Quantitative Analysis of Gendered Ethnic Identity Development(2017-01-01) Hamilton, Veronica; Else-Quest, Nicole M; Psychology; PsychologyAdolescence is a developmental period characterized by the formation and maintenance of identity. Ethnic identity development is likely shaped by gender, such that adolescents internalize gender roles as they formulate and maintain their ethnic identity. The current study assessed gender differences in ethnic identity exploration and commitment, as well as differences in cultural socialization, consistent with the hypotheses that women are "keepers of culture." Further, the current study examined whether the relation between gender role attitudes and ethnic identity commitment varies by ethnic group and gender. Analyses from a sample of 370 adolescents from four major ethnic groups?African American, Asian American, Latina/o, and White?indicated partial support for the culture keepers hypotheses, such that there was evidence for gender differences in ethnic identity exploration. Furthermore, gender role attitudes predicted ethnic identity commitment differently across ethnic groups. The current study is among the first to explore the relation between the gender intensification hypotheses and ethnic identity development. Limitations, future directions, and applications are discussed.Item The Effect of Access and Exposure on Occupational Segregation for Women and Minorities(2021-01-25) Banks, Frederick; Wachhaus, T. Aaron; Sowa, Jessica; Havewala, Ferzana; University of Baltimore. College of Public Affairs; University of Baltimore. Doctor of Public AdministrationThe central theme of this project rests in providing evidence of occupational segregation relative to race and sex. In line with the central theme is the proposition that workforce training impacts the effects of occupational segregation and expands occupational choices for both women and minorities. Career choices for women and minorities are significantly narrowed, due to the impact of occupational segregation. The objective of this study is to identify specific factors that may account for expanded career choices for minorities and women who have been enrolled in work development training versus those who have not participated in workforce training. Previous studies primarily utilized a single theory to examine occupational segregation (Perales, 2013; Cech, 2016; and Moore, 1995). Employing a multi-theoretical framework in the explanation of career choice allows this project to include various elements of occupational segregation that impede opportunities for women and minorities. This current study employs a quantitative approach in examining workforce development training participation as a significant influence on career choices for minorities and women in the United States’ (US) labor market. Overall, this research demonstrates that workforce trainng impacts race and gender relative to career choices, although the effects are reflected differently relative to distinct racial and gender categories. While it was clear that race and gender were significant attributes in identifying career choice and job satisfaction in this study, workforce training exhibited significant effects on work-life and and occupation type specifically for our target groups. Workforce training significantly impacted the variability of occupation type and work life specifically for minorities. Women showed minor changes in the variability of occupation type as an effect of workforce training. Both women and minority job satisfaction showed significant variability as a condition of workforce diversity. Job satisfaction was significantly less influential in determining work-life for minorities while White work-life was much more effected by job satisfaction. Workforce development and training show promising results as conditions to improve occupational choice for women and minorities, specifically in non-traditionalItem Femininity and Gender in Lars von Trier's Depression Trilogy(2020-04-17) Perez Gutierrez, Carles; Angello, Aaron; Hood College Arts and Humanities; Hood College HumanitiesBoth praised and criticized, Lars von Trier’s Depression Trilogy—a film trilogy that includes Antichrist (2009), Melancholia (2011), and Nymphomaniac (2013)— provides an exploration of femininity and gender roles. This study explores how von Trier depicts the binary genders through their traditional roles while constructing a particular femininity in his female characters. Certainly, von Trier’s construction of the female characters is problematic on many levels: the projection of the director onto the female subject, their hypersexualization, or the victimization as part of the director’s process of creation are just a few. By analyzing the depiction of the female protagonists of the collection, who stand in opposition to their male counterparts, I demonstrate how in many instances von Trier’s subversive construction of his female protagonists is flawed and falls short of any feminist statement the director may be trying to attain. Thus, the goal of this study is to examine the ways in which von Trier constructs this flawed femininity that seems to promote gender distinction and a patriarchal view of women that endorses misogyny. In doing so, this study also points at the aesthetic and artistic value of the director’s oeuvre and the amplitude of interpretations of von Trier’s works.Item Gender Specific Patterns of Spending Remittances and their Implications for Development: Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina(2017-05) Golemac, Angela; Eager, Paige; Hood College Economics and Business Administration, and Political Science; Hood College Departmental HonorsRemittances are an important tool to combat poverty and stimulate local development. They are an important part of today’s global economy and for some developing countries com- prise a significant percent of GDP. Remittances in Bosnia’s economy were equivalent to 11 percent of GDP in 2013. One out of every twenty households receives remittances. Prior lit- erature demonstrates that gender influences the spending remittances. Women tend to spend remittances more on food and education while men on consumer goods. This paper examines how gender determines remittance expenditures in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Using the World Bank’s LSMS household survey data from 2004, I develop an IV regression and Tobit model, using the share of household receiving remittances and wealth index as instrumental variables. I also used a probit model to examine determinants of receiving remittances. The results confirm the prior literature: women spend more on education, food, and overall consumption, while men spend more on durable goods, health, and cable subscriptions. These results indicate that females receiving remittances do more to help maximize positive benefits of remittances on the development in Bosnia.Item Ink, Mirrors, and Capes: How Comic Books Mirrored Societal Events in American Culture from 1954 to 1990(2017-01-01) Mueller, Chelsea René; Oyen, Meredith; History; Historical Studies"Ink, Mirrors, and Capes: How Comic Books Mirrored Societal Events in American Culture from 1954 to 1990" follows the history of feminism within American comic books. Comic books have been reliant on social events and norms to remain relevant to readers; however, writers, artists, and editors have influenced young readers' perceptions of gender. The comics examined in this theses includes those produced and released by well-known comic book companies Marvel Comics and DC Comics as well as independent and small comic book companies. Feminism influenced the comic book industry by shaping plots and characters, as well as influencing female geek culture. Comic book writers and artists in turn also influenced American culture.Item Investigating Gender and Racial/Ethnic Differences in Graduate School Enrollment Rates among McNair Scholars(The Pell Instittute, 2022) Breen, Stephanie M.; Newsome, AntoinetteThe McNair Scholars Program aims to increase graduate school enrollment for low-income, first-generation, and underrepresented minority students with the goal of Ph.D. attainment. This study explores graduate school enrollment rates among University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) McNair Scholars using Astin’s (1993) IEO Model. Utilizing UMBC McNair Program’s Annual Performance Reporting (APR) datasets from 2010-2020, we conduct crosstabulations and logistic regression to examine what input and environmental factors contribute to graduate school enrollment for 117 UMBC McNair Scholars. While findings reveal no statistical significance in input and environmental factors, we found differences in enrollment rates across some racial/ethnic and gender groups. Implications of this study suggest that provisions for data collection and self-reporting practices must become standardized to increase program and evaluation effectiveness.Item Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) Issues in Virtual Worlds(Association for Computing Machinery, 2007) Blodgett, Bridget Marie; Xu, Heng; Trauth, Eileen M.In virtual worlds, users interact with each other by creating virtual identities through avatars. As the avatar creation process is constrained by the assumptions of designers who develop the avatar creation tools, some potential participants in virtual worlds are forced into narrow social roles that may not accurately represent them. Drawing on structuration theory and trust literature, we develop a research agenda that addresses how avatar-based technologies and user social identities may be mutually constructed and how identity misrepresentation may impact trust in virtual worlds. This paper demonstrates the importance of a discussion of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) issues in virtual worlds. These issues require additional research that should closely examine the ongoing changes both in the technology facilitating the virtual worlds, as well as the social landscape that governs issues of diversity in general, and gender issues in particular.Item ‘Mɔn’ (to marry/to cook): negotiating becoming a wife and woman in the kitchens of a northern Ghanaian Konkomba community(Routledge, 2015-01) Hanrahan, Kelsey B.; Towson University. Department of Geography & Environmental PlanningIn this article, I consider the kitchen as domestic space that is at once gendered and gendering in its construction and use by women as they negotiate their social position across the life course. Deeply rooted patriarchal values structure Konkomba society in northern Ghana, and a woman’s role is to be a wife, to prepare food in support of her husband’s family and community. Although the normative definition of woman’s role in society stems from a clear-cut division of labor between women and men, a woman must negotiate her social position and ability to fulfill these labor obligations; she becomes a woman and wife by working to gain access to and control over resources and labor. I explore the shifting dynamics of women’s work and social position across the life course, emphasizing the transition from young woman to woman-as-wife-as-cook in her husband’s community. These negotiations take place in the kitchen – a fiercely feminine space in which a woman becomes a wife when she earns the right to place hearth stones and prepare a ceremonial ‘first meal’ for her husband and his community.Item Nonverbal Reactions to Conversational Interruption: A Test of Complementarity Theory and the Status/Gender Parallel(Springer, 2010) Farley, Sally D; Ashcraft, Amie M; Stasson, Mark F; Nusbaum, Rebecca LThe present research examined nonverbal reactions to conversational interruption (a status-organizing cue). We predicted that the nonverbal reactions to interruption (versus a control condition) would show a different pattern of results than gender differences. Participants (N = 150) were paired with one of four confederates and randomly assigned to either an interruption or control condition. Nine nonverbal behavioral reactions were coded by independent raters. Participants responded to interruption with reciprocal interruptions and increased nodding, as compared to a control condition. Gender differences diverged from those associated with condition. Women smiled, agreed, nodded, and laughed more than men, showing evidence of a greater attempt to facilitate the flow of conversation. We discuss these findings with regard to the dimensions of affiliation and verticality.Item Seeing women migrants in Africa - Book review of Kalpana Hiralal and Zaheera Jinnah's Gender and mobility in Africa: borders, bodies and boundaries(Bergahn Journals, 2019-01-01) Hanrahan, Kelsey B.; Towson University. Department of Geography & Environmental PlanningBook review of Gender and Mobility in Africa: Borders, Bodies and Boundaries edited by Kalpana Hiralal and Zaheera Jinnah.Item The Accuracy Of Self-Reported Data Of An Aging Population Using A Telehealth System In A Retirement Community Setting Based On The User's Age, Gender, Employment Status And Computer Experience.(2016-01-01) Gurley, Kelley Anne; Norcio, Anthony F; Information Systems; Human Centered ComputingLooking towards the horizon, the US faces a significant increase in numbers of our older population, in contrast to the young able population who can provide care. It is imperative that a bridge in the knowledge gap between health technology designers, manufactures and the targeted user population occurs. There are many devices being created for the older adult population, yet many have low adoption rates. This could potentially be due to a need to better understand the target users' background which includes, computer experience, age, education and employment. This dissertations, aims to increase our understanding of the older population perception and interaction with health care technologies, by looking for any correlations between their individual and group perspectives about technology, experiences with technology, their socio-demographic background which include age, gender, education obtained and current employment and potentially any impact on their use of health-care related technologies. The technology used to assist in obtaining data regarding the older adults interaction with a new health care technology is the Intel Health Guide which is a telehealth device created by Intel. This device is designed specifically to assist a user manage their own health and interact with their clinical team and it can be an interesting observation to see how participants engage, interact and feel about this newer type of technology. Using technology in healthcare may have large consequences when there are inaccuracies therefore this dissertations also includes an evaluation of errors made by the participants during data entry and attempt to determine if any items in the participants' background or their perception about computers may potentially impact their ability to document data accurately with this device.Item Trill: A Song/Book of Revelations & Reckonings from a Southern Black Girlhood and Beyond(2020-01-13) Manora, Yolanda; Messitt, Margaret; Orange, Michelle; Hume George, Diana; MFA in Creative NonfictionA lyric essay/prose poetry memoir project about Southern black girlhood & womanhood and navigating the material and metaphysical spaces between the Civil Rights and #BlackLivesMatter Movements both at home in the American South and beyond.Item Yes, We’re Fishing—In Rough Waters for Hard-to-Find Fish(Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2013-03) Thompson, Rebecca J.; Bergman, Mindy E; Culbertson, Satoris S; Huffman, Ann H.In their focal article, Ruggs et al. (2013) outline the missed opportunities for researchers within industrial–organizational (I–O) psychology in examining marginalized employees. The authors identify seven groups as having been overlooked by I–O psychologists and thus deserving greater attention in the future. They conclude their focal article by noting that, ‘‘Instead of being on the front line serving as scientists and allies for those who are marginalized and treated poorly, we have let these individuals take a backseat while we have gone fishing.’’ We disagree with this assertion. It is not that we have gone fishing and ignored marginalized employees. Rather, we have gone fishing, in rough waters, to locate hard-to-find fish. We are not purposefully ignoring marginalized employees. On the contrary, we are conducting research while battling numerical representation issues and ethical and administration issues. The focus of our commentary is to highlight these challenges and offer suggestions for addressing them in an effort to assist researchers in actually doing what the authors of the focal article are calling for them to do—to successfully engage in more focused research on these underrepresented members of the workforce.