Hood College Counseling, Care and Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Behavior
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Item Heterogeneity of Carcinoembryonic antigen expression in human colon cancer cell lines.(1984-05) Cunningham, Robert E.; Hood College Counseling, Care and Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Behavior; Human SciencesEnvironmental causes of colon cancer have been difficult to elucidate. This is in large part due to the fact that no adequate marker for early neoplastic changes in colon tissue has been found. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein that has shown promise in some clinical studies for the detection of colon cancer (Lawrence, 1975; Zamcheck, 1975). In order to study the relationship between CEA and malignancy, I chose to work with a continuously growing human colon cancer line, WiDr (Noguchi, 1975). The original WiDr line is quite heterogeneous in CEA expression, ranging from cells with little or no surface CEA to cells with large amounts of CEA. I have utilized the technology of flow cytometry to select a population of WiDr cells producing an increased amount of CEA. After sorting and growing the cells into bulk culture, the resulting population exhibited a substantial increase in the relative amount of CEA expression, however, expression was still heterogeneous. Correlated DNA-CEA cytograms showed that the increased CEA production was present in all parts of the cell cycle, and was not restricted to any particular phase. The enriched population was tested in nude mice to assess the possible role of CEA in tumorigenicity. Light microscope examination of histologic sections of tumors in nude mice exhibited increased immunoperoxidase localization of CEA in the sorted population. Thus, many of the discrepancies that have been found in the literature may be due to the marked heterogeneity of CEA expression seen in some colon cancers.Item An overview of the white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaete taurnius albojabatus) with suggestions for future management(1984-04) Cowan, Patricia; Hood College Counseling, Care and Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Behavior; Human SciencesThe white-bearded wildebeest (Connochaetea taurnius albojubatus) is a medium size, gregarious ungulate. Its natural habitat is the open grasslands of Tanzania and Kenya. It selectively consumes grasses which are less than ten centimeters high, preferring Themeda trianda. It will migrate approximately eighteen hundred kilometers annually to maintain its supply of short grasses and surface water. The herds are comprised of selectively anonymous aggregations with no hierarchy or pecking order. Temporary territories are established by some adult males during the rutting season which occurs over a three week period in April and May. After a gestation period of eight to nine months, some 80% of the calves are born on the Serengeti Plains over a three week period in January to February. Although predators and pathological conditions offer some threat to the wildebeest, its major threat is the swelling human population in East Africa. Without proper management planning for both the wildebeest and humans, there will be a severe conflict between the two species. If the wildebeest can serve a useful purpose to the sprawling human population, then perhaps, they will at least tolerate the wildebeests' presence. One suggestion for the wildebeests' management is to have the wildebeest serve as a food source for the general population in East Africa as well as an exported food stuff. A second suggestion is to preserve the herds as they are today allowing the animals to be a basis for the prosperous tourist industry. The revenue brought in by the tourist industry would then be used to improve the human condition in East Africa. In either case, without proper human population control, all management planning for the wildebeest is pointless. A key to successful human population control is education. Time is running out for both the human and wildebeest populations in the semi-arid nations of East Africa.Item DEFINITION AND EXAMINATION OF END-OF-LIFE APNEA (EOLA) AND VERBAL RESPONSIVENESS(Hood College, 2009-07) Al-Chokhachy, Elissa; Hood College Psychology & Counseling; Hood College ThanatologyVerbal responsiveness during apnea has never been scientifically measured in the terminally ill patient. A descriptive, hospice study examined any possible relationship between apnea and lack of verbal responsiveness. Study steps included the operational defining of end-of-life apnea (EOLA), the development and utilization of a scientific tool to measure end-of-life apnea, and the development and implementation of an Apnea Training Module to ensure interobserver reliability. Only one patient met EOLA study criteria. Although findings suggested a powerful relationship, results were clinically insignificant due to the limited number of study subjects. Also, a separate survey of fifteen metTopolitan hospice nurses revealed 56% were unaware of any relationship between apnea and verbal responsiveness. More extensive hospice research is necessary to determine if a significant relationship exists between apnea and lack of verbal responsiveness in the terminally ill. If so, EOLA education would be indicated for hospice staff and caregivers.Item The Common Integrative Framework (CIF)(2022-08) Abuhamada, Jacob; Sierra-Sosa, Daniel; Hood College Department of Psychology & Counseling; Interdisciplinary Studies of Human BehaviorWhile it is often assumed that the mind can only be understood in terms of the brain, this has been to the detriment of psychological science. The dearth of consensus on how to integrate diverse findings in psychological fields highlights this fact. This manuscript presents and explicates the Common Integrative Framework (CIF) as a viable dimensional model for the representation of all subjective, phenomenal states of consciousness, as well as the basis for a unified framework of general psychology. First we present the history of similar models before systematically laying out the relevant components and structural sections of the CIF: The four dimensions (executive-cognitive functioning [X], phenomenological intensity [Y], affective valence [Z], and sense of self [SoS]) as well as the quadrants and interquadrant regions of the vector space. The framework’s presentation incorporates a transdiagnostic analysis of psychopathologies, as well as a phenomenological characterization of the major classes of psychoactive substances. A preliminary experience-sampling study yielded a dataset of experiences (n = 204), which were analyzed with a multitude of statistical and visualization methodologies including scatter and contour plots, heatmaps, and multiple OLS linear regression models. Results found that the configuration of experiences aligned with the predicted structures; demonstrated the utility of distinguishing groups, individuals, and concepts on the basis of characterizing subjective experience; and the predictive diagnostic capabilities of the applied framework when paired with demographic information. The preliminary findings of the study and literature review together support the CIF as a valuable tool that provides context for both the design and interpretation of a wide range of psychological research, warranting future studies.Item Predictors of Perceptions of Aging in Young Adults: An Exploratory Study(2019) Sadat, Hawa; MacDougall, Elizabeth; Lilly, Flavius; Graves, Diane; Psychology and Counseling; Interdisciplinary Studies in Human BehaviorThis study investigated whether religious affiliation and level of religiosity affect perceptions of aging among Millennials. I predicted that religiously-affiliated Millennials would have more positive views of aging than religiously-unaffiliated Millennials and that level of religiosity among religiously-affiliated Millennials would be positively related to perceptions of aging. A sample of 197 Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Atheist, and Agnostic Millennial participants completed questionnaires assessing their perceptions of aging and level of religiosity. Those who reported a religious affiliation had more positive perceptions of socio-emotional domains of aging than those who were religiously unaffiliated. Among the religiously affiliated subgroup, level of religiosity also was positively related to perceptions of several socio-emotional aspects of aging. Although no causal connections may be drawn, religious affiliation and religious teachings may promote more positive views of aging among Millennials. As religious decline is a continued phenomenon in the United States and, therefore, may lead to the loss of positive ideas about aging, this study calls for the implementation of programs within educational systems that not only educate individuals on aging but also promote positive ideas.