UMBC Student Collection
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Item On Sierpiński and Riesel Repdigits and Repintegers(2025-05-01) Bispels, Chris; Cohen, Matthew; Harrington, Joshua; Pontes, Kaelyn; Schaumann, Leif; Wong, Tony W. H.For positive integers b≥2 , kItem Roadmap on Quantum Thermodynamics(2025-04-28) Campbell, Steve; D'Amico, Irene; Ciampini, Mario A.; Anders, Janet; Ares, Natalia; Artini, Simone; Auffèves, Alexia; Oftelie, Lindsay Bassman; Bettmann, Laetitia P.; Bonança, Marcus V. S.; Busch, Thomas; Campisi, Michele; Cavalcante, M. F.; Correa, Luis A.; Cuestas, Eloisa; Dag, Ceren B.; Dago, Salambô; Deffner, Sebastian; Campo, Adolfo Del; Deutschmann-Olek, Andreas; Donadi, Sandro; Doucet, Emery; Elouard, Cyril; Ensslin, Klaus; Erker, Paul; Fabbri, Nicole; Fedele, Federico; Fiusa, Guilherme; Fogarty, Thomás; Folk, Joshua; Guarnieri, Giacomo; Hegde, Abhaya S.; Hernández-Gómez, Santiago; Hu, Chang-Kang; Iemini, Fernando; Karimi, Bayan; Kiesel, Nikolai; Landi, Gabriel T.; Lasek, Aleksander; Lemziakov, Sergei; Monaco, Gabriele Lo; Lutz, Eric; Lvov, Dmitrii; Maillet, Olivier; Mehboudi, Mohammad; Mendonça, Taysa M.; Miller, Harry J. D.; Mitchell, Andrew K.; Mitchison, Mark T.; Mukherjee, Victor; Paternostro, Mauro; Pekola, Jukka; Perarnau-Llobet, Martí; Poschinger, Ulrich; Rolandi, Alberto; Rosa, Dario; Sánchez, Rafael; Santos, Alan C.; Sarthour, Roberto S.; Sela, Eran; Solfanelli, Andrea; Souza, Alexandre M.; Splettstoesser, Janine; Tan, Dian; Tesser, Ludovico; Vu, Tan Van; Widera, Artur; Halpern, Nicole Yunger; Zawadzki, KrissiaThe last two decades has seen quantum thermodynamics become a well established field of research in its own right. In that time, it has demonstrated a remarkably broad applicability, ranging from providing foundational advances in the understanding of how thermodynamic principles apply at the nano-scale and in the presence of quantum coherence, to providing a guiding framework for the development of efficient quantum devices. Exquisite levels of control have allowed state-of-the-art experimental platforms to explore energetics and thermodynamics at the smallest scales which has in turn helped to drive theoretical advances. This Roadmap provides an overview of the recent developments across many of the field's sub-disciplines, assessing the key challenges and future prospects, providing a guide for its near term progress.Item Expanding Polar Science Access and Understanding with Immersive XR(APL Webinars and Events, 2024-08-21) Tack, Naomi; Holschuh, Nicholas; Sharma, Sharad; Williams, Rebecca M.; Engel, DonWe have developed several immersive fence diagrams which allow scientists to be surrounded by the glacier. Our work focuses on intuitive user interaction, similar to mobile map application controls, and hardware independence allowing greater access among the community. Users are able to navigate through physical motion, panning and adjusting scale allowing many areas of the glacier to be observed in relation to each other. We plan to add tools to allow annotations of the ice sheet layer to be made and visualized in order to trace layers throughout glaciers.Item Photogrammetry and VR for Comparing 2D and Immersive Linguistic Data Collection (Student Abstract)(AAAI, 2023-06-26) Rubinstein, Jacob; Matuszek, Cynthia; Engel, DonThe overarching goal of this work is to enable the collection of language describing a wide variety of objects viewed in virtual reality. We aim to create full 3D models from a small number of ‘keyframe’ images of objects found in the publicly available Grounded Language Dataset (GoLD) using photogrammetry. We will then collect linguistic descriptions by placing our models in virtual reality and having volunteers describe them. To evaluate the impact of virtual reality immersion on linguistic descriptions of the objects, we intend to apply contrastive learning to perform grounded language learning, then compare the descriptions collected from images (in GoLD) versus our models.Item Memento: Augmenting Personalized Memory via Practical Multimodal Wearable Sensing in Visual Search and Wayfinding Navigation(2025-04-28) Ghosh, Indrajeet; Jayarajah, Kasthuri; Waytowich, Nicholas; Roy, NirmalyaWorking memory involves the temporary retention of information over short periods. It is a critical cognitive function that enables humans to perform various online processing tasks, such as dialing a phone number, recalling misplaced items' locations, or navigating through a store. However, inherent limitations in an individual's capacity to retain information often result in forgetting important details during such tasks. Although previous research has successfully utilized wearable and assistive technologies to enhance long-term memory functions (e.g., episodic memory), their application to supporting short-term recall in daily activities remains underexplored. To address this gap, we present Memento, a framework that uses multimodal wearable sensor data to detect significant changes in cognitive state and provide intelligent in situ cues to enhance recall. Through two user studies involving 15 and 25 participants in visual search navigation tasks, we demonstrate that participants receiving visual cues from Memento achieved significantly better route recall, improving approximately 20-23% compared to free recall. Furthermore, Memento reduced cognitive load and review time by 46% while also substantially reducing computation time (3.86 seconds vs. 15.35 seconds), offering an average of 75% effectiveness compared to computer vision-based cue selection approaches.Item The Chemistry of Lyophilized Blood Products(ACS, 2018-07-18) Fernandez-Moure, Joseph; Maisha, Nuzhat; Lavik, Erin; Cannon, Jeremy W.With the development of new biologics and bioconjugates, storage and preservation have become more critical than ever before. Lyophilization is a method of cell and protein preservation by removing a solvent such as water from a substance followed by freezing. This technique has been used in the past and still holds promise for overcoming logistic challenges in safety net hospitals with limited blood banking resources, austere environments such as combat, and mass casualty situations where existing resources may be outstripped. This method allows for long-term storage and transport but requires the bioconjugation of preservatives to prevent cell destabilization. Trehalose is utilized as a bioconjugate in platelet and red blood cell preservation to maintain protein thermodynamics and stabilizing protein formulations in liquid and freeze-dried states. Biomimetic approaches have been explored as alternatives to cryo- and lyopreservation of blood components. Intravascular hemostats such as PLGA nanoparticles functionalized with PEG motifs, topical hemostats utilizing fibrinogen or chitosan, and liposomal encapsulated hemoglobin with surface modifications are effectively stored long-term through bioconjugation. In thinking about the best methods for storage and transport, we are focusing this topical review on blood products that have the longest track record of preservation and looking at how these methods can be applied to synthetic systems.Item Engineering Intravenously Administered Nanoparticles to Reduce Infusion Reaction and Stop Bleeding in a Large Animal Model of Trauma(ACS, 2018-07-18) Onwukwe, Chimdiya; Maisha, Nuzhat; Holland, Mark; Varley, Matt; Groynom, Rebecca; Hickman, DaShawn; Uppal, Nishant; Shoffstall, Andrew; Ustin, Jeffrey; Lavik, ErinBleeding from traumatic injury is the leading cause of death for young people across the world, but interventions are lacking. While many agents have shown promise in small animal models, translating the work to large animal models has been exceptionally difficult in great part because of infusion-associated complement activation to nanomaterials that leads to cardiopulmonary complications. Unfortunately, this reaction is seen in at least 10% of the population. We developed intravenously infusible hemostatic nanoparticles that were effective in stopping bleeding and improving survival in rodent models of trauma. To translate this work, we developed a porcine liver injury model. Infusion of the first generation of hemostatic nanoparticles and controls 5 min after injury led to massive vasodilation and exsanguination even at extremely low doses. In naïve animals, the physiological changes were consistent with a complement-associated infusion reaction. By tailoring the zeta potential, we were able to engineer a second generation of hemostatic nanoparticles and controls that did not exhibit the complement response at low and moderate doses but did at the highest doses. These second-generation nanoparticles led to cessation of bleeding within 10 min of administration even though some signs of vasodilation were still seen. While the complement response is still a challenge, this work is extremely encouraging in that it demonstrates that when the infusion-associated complement response is managed, hemostatic nanoparticles are capable of rapidly stopping bleeding in a large animal model of trauma.Item Development of a Sensitive Assay to Screen Nanoparticles in Vitro for Complement Activation(ACS, 2020-09-14) Maisha, Nuzhat; Coombs, Tobias; Lavik, ErinNanomedicines are often recognized by the innate immune system as a threat, leading to unwanted clearance due to complement activation. This adverse reaction not only alters the bioavailability of the therapeutic but can also cause cardiopulmonary complications and death in a portion of the population. There is a need for tools for assessing complement response in the early stage of development of nanomedicines. Currently, quantifying complement-mediated response in vitro is limited because of the differences between in vitro and in vivo responses for the same precursors, differences in the complement systems in different species, and lack of highly sensitive tools for quantifying the changes. Hence, we have worked on developing complement assay conditions and sample preparation techniques that can be highly sensitive in assessing the complement-mediated response in vitro mimicking the in vivo activity. We are screening the impact of incubation time, nanoparticle dosage, anticoagulants, and species of the donor in both blood and blood components. We have validated the optimal assay conditions by replicating the impact of zeta potential seen in vivo on complement activation in vitro. As observed in our previous in vivo studies, where nanoparticles with neutral zeta potential were able to suppress the complement response, the change in the complement biomarker was least for the neutral nanoparticles as well through our developed guidelines. These assay conditions provide a vital tool for assessing the safety of intravenously administered nanomedicines.Item Simulations of spectral broadening by cross-phase modulation (XPM) with chaotic light pulses(SPIE, 1993-05-01) Henesian, Mark A.; Dixit, Sham N.; Chen, Chien-Jen; Wai, Ping-Kong A.; Menyuk, CurtisSpectral broadening of single-frequency laser pulses by optical cross-phase modulation (XPM) with chaotic laser pulses in birefringent single-mode optical fibers is investigated numerically and results are compared with experiments. By this process we have generated laser pulses of variable bandwidth (1 - 25 angstrom) at the fundamental wavelength (1053 nm) for amplification in high power solid-state Nd:glass lasers used for inertial confinement fusion research. Simulations indicate that a temporally smooth XPM pulse can be generated with intensity fluctuations of less than 10% and spectral width greater than 50 angstrom using a short length (approximately 5 m) of special low dispersion and low birefringence fiber, e.g., D equals 10 ps/nm-km (normal dispersion) and (Delta) n equals 2 X 10⁻⁵. Readily available fibers of similar length, with parameters of D equals 40 ps/nm-km and (Delta) n equals 6 X 10⁻⁵, can give spectral widths exceeding 25 angstroms, but the noise will range from 25 to 60%. Broadband laser pulses generated by XPM are now routinely used at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for active smoothing of the laser irradiance on targets by the technique of smoothing-by-spectral dispersion.Item Theoretical and experimental comparison of an adjustable Y-junction switch(OPTICA, 1994-12-15) Huang, T. C.; Simonis, G. J.; Chinni, V. R.; Wai, P. K. A.; Menyuk, CurtisAn optical switch using an adjustable Y-junction structure has been designed, fabricated, measured, and analyzed. Both the experimental performance and theoretical prediction of the switch are presented. The switching section of the device consists of three arrow-shaped, field-induced waveguides that overlap in the propagation direction such that input light from the middle guide can be transferred to either of the output guides. A cross talk of less than -18 dB is measured at a wavelength of 1.06 μm in a device with a transition length of 400 μm and a branching angle of 4°. Numerical simulations using the finite difference beam propagation method show that a cross talk of less than -22 dB may be achievable for these device dimensions.Item Crosstalk in a lossy directional coupler switch(IEEE, 1995-07-06) Chinni, V. R.; Huang, T. C.; Wai, P. K. A.; Menyuk, Curtis; Simonis, G. J.Crosstalk due to material absorption in a two-waveguide, symmetric directional coupler switch is investigated. In a material with absorption, it is not possible to completely eliminate the crosstalk by adjusting the coupling length. The coupling length for minimum crosstalk differs from that of lossless systems. Theoretical limits of the lowest achievable crosstalk and the corresponding coupling lengths are calculated. The results show that the effect of absorption on crosstalk is more severe when the devices are designed for low crosstalk. The increase in crosstalk due to absorption can be as high as 20 dB. The material absorption is thus a critical parameter in designing low crosstalk devices.<>Item Performance of field-induced directional coupler switches(IEEE, 1995-11-30) Chinni, V. R.; Huang, T. C.; Wai, P. K. A.; Menyuk, Curtis; Simonis, C. J.Switching in a GaAs field-induced, three-waveguide straight directional coupler is studied theoretically. This device can be tuned externally by changing the voltage across the waveguides. Because of this tunability, the device has some very attractive features as a switching element. The performance change due to variations in the device parameters such as length, waveguide separation, waveguide width, and wavelength of operation is numerically computed. The effect of material absorption, input and output coupling, and asymmetric excitation are included in the performance evaluation. For a device length of 1400 /spl mu/m, a crosstalk of -34 dB and a power transfer efficiency of -2 dB is predicted, while for the same device size a two-guide directional coupler is predicted a crosstalk of -13.4 dB. The device has a 400 nm voltage tunable bandwidth with a maximum crosstalk penalty of 3 dB.<>Item Nonlinear optical loop mirror based on standard communication fiber(IEEE, 1997-04-30) Wang, Ding; Golovchenko, Ekaterina A.; Pilipetskii, Alexei N.; Menyuk, Curtis; Arend, M. F.We numerically analyze the effectiveness of a nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM) based on standard communication fiber with randomly varying birefringence for demultiplexing streams of picosecond pulses at 100 GHz. A broad switching window of about three pulse full-width at half maximum (FWHM) can be obtained. The device performance is defined by the pulse duration, the dispersion of the fiber, and the fiber length. We show that imperfect averaging of the randomly varying birefringence causes amplitude fluctuations on the NOLM transmission curve. We also show that the Raman self-frequency shift does not affect the NOLM switching characteristics at picosecond pulse durations.Item Calculation of the Phase Noise at Comb-Line Frequencies in a Frequency Comb(Optica, 2021-11-01) Anjum, Ishraq Md; Mahabadi, Seyed Ehsan Jamali; Simsek, Ergun; Menyuk, CurtisWe calculate the phase noise in a modified uni-traveling carrier photodetector for frequency comb applications. In contrast to a continuous wave, a frequency comb is characterized by a distinct phase noise for each comb line.Item Photodetector Performance Prediction with Machine Learning(Optica, 2021-11-01) Simsek, Ergun; Mahabadi, Seyed Ehsan Jamali; Carruthers, Thomas F.; Menyuk, CurtisFour machine learning algorithms are tested to predict the performance metrics of modified uni-traveling carrier photodetectors from their design parameters. The highest accuracy (>94%) is achieved with artificial neural networks.Item Optimization of Random Motheye Structures for Silica Windows with Normally Incident Light(Optica, 2021-07-26) Tu, Chaoran; Hu, Jonathan; Menyuk, Curtis; Carruthers, Thomas F.; Shaw, L. Brandon; Busse, Lynda E.; Sanghera, Jasbinder S.We computationally investigate random motheye structures for fused silica from 0.4 to 1.0 μm. We found that increasing the randomness of the diameter and height can further suppress the reflection at the air-glass interface.Item Simulation of Electrically-Controlled Mode Interaction for Adiabatic and Deterministic Single Soliton Generation(Optica, 2021-07-26) Calvo-Salcedo, Andres F.; Tu, Chaoran; Gonzalez, Neil Guerrero; Menyuk, Curtis; Jaramillo-Villegas, Jose A.We demonstrate numerically the deterministic generation of a dissipative Kerr soliton in coupled Si₃N₄ microrings resonators using electrically-controlled mode interactions. We use a constant pump power and linearly sweep frequency.Item Automatically Mapping the Stable Regions of Frequency Combs in Microresonators(Optica, 2021-05-09) Courtright, Logan; Qi, Zhen; Carruthers, Thomas F.; Menyuk, CurtisIt has been difficult to determine the experimental parameter space where stable frequency combs can be obtained in microresonators. We describe an automatic computer algorithm that accomplishes this task.Item Plotting the Stability Boundary of Cnoidal Waves in Microresonators(Optica, 2020-09-14) Courtright, Logan; Qi, Zhen; Menyuk, CurtisPrevious dynamical methods to map the stability region boundary of cnoidal waves were semi-automatic due to sharp corners. We present a fully automatic method that accounts for corners due to Hopf bifurcations.Item Influence of the Model of Random Birefringence on the PMD of Periodically Spun Fibers(Optica, 2003-03-23) Pizzinat, A.; Palmieri, L.; Galtarossa, A.; Pizzinat, A.; Marks, Brian S.; Menyuk, Curtis; Marks, Brian S.We show that the differential group delay of randomly birefringent periodically spun fibers, depends strongly on the model used for the birefringence. Overly simple models may overestimate the benefit of spin in reducing polarization mode dispersion.