Modeling Sources of Nonlinearity in a Simple p-i-n Photodetector
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2015-10-15
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Yue Hu, Brian S. Marks, Curtis R. Menyuk, Vincent J. Urick, Keith J. Williams, Modeling Sources of Nonlinearity in a Simple p-i-n Photodetector, Journal of Lightwave Technology ( Volume: 32 , Issue: 20 , Oct.15, 15 2014 ), 10.1109/JLT.2014.2315740
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This work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
Public Domain Mark 1.0
This work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
Abstract
Nonlinearity in p-i-n photodetectors leads to power generation at harmonics of the input frequency, limiting the performance of RF- photonic systems. We use one-dimensional and two-dimensional simulations of the drift-diffusion equations to determine the physical origin of the saturation in a simple heterojunction p-i-n photodetector at room temperature. Incomplete ionization, external loading, impact ionization, and the Franz–Keldysh effect are all included in the model. Impact ionization is the main source of nonlinearity at large reverse bias (>10 V in the device that we simulated). The electron and hole current contributions to the second harmonic power were calculated. We find that impact ionization has a greater effect on the electrons than it does on the holes. We also find that the hole velocity saturates slowly with increasing reverse bias, and the hole current makes a large contribution to the harmonic power at 10 V. This result implies that decreasing the hole injection will decrease the harmonic power.