STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2024 Antarctica and the Southern Ocean

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dc.contributor.authorRaphael, M. N.
dc.contributor.authorClem, K. R.
dc.contributor.authorAdjou, Mohamed
dc.contributor.authorAdusumilli, Susheel
dc.contributor.authorAmory, Charles
dc.contributor.authorBahrami, Mahsa
dc.contributor.authorBaiman, Rebecca
dc.contributor.authorBanwell, Alison F.
dc.contributor.authorBarreira, Sandra
dc.contributor.authorBeadling, Rebecca L.
dc.contributor.authorColwell, Steve
dc.contributor.authorCoy, Lawrence
dc.contributor.authorDatta, Rajashree T.
dc.contributor.authorDe Laat, Jos
dc.contributor.authorDu Plessis, Marcel
dc.contributor.authorFogt, Ryan L.
dc.contributor.authorFricker, Helen A.
dc.contributor.authorHancock, Alyce M.
dc.contributor.authorJohnson, Bryan
dc.contributor.authorJosey, Simon A.
dc.contributor.authorKeller, Linda M.
dc.contributor.authorKittel, Christoph
dc.contributor.authorKramarova, Natalya A.
dc.contributor.authorLait, Leslie R.
dc.contributor.authorLazzara, Matthew A.
dc.contributor.authorLieser, Jan L.
dc.contributor.authorMacFerrin, Michael
dc.contributor.authorMacLennan, Michelle L.
dc.contributor.authorMassom, Robert A.
dc.contributor.authorMeijers, Andrew
dc.contributor.authorMeredith, Michael
dc.contributor.authorMikolajczyk, David E.
dc.contributor.authorMilward, James
dc.contributor.authorMote, Thomas L.
dc.contributor.authorNewman, Paul A.
dc.contributor.authorNorton, Taylor
dc.contributor.authorPetropavlovskikh, Irina
dc.contributor.authorPezzi, Luciano P.
dc.contributor.authorReid, Phillip
dc.contributor.authorRyan-Keogh, Thomas J.
dc.contributor.authorSantee, Michelle L.
dc.contributor.authorScambos, Theodore
dc.contributor.authorSchulz, Cristina
dc.contributor.authorShi, Jia-Rui
dc.contributor.authorShuman, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorSouza, Everaldo
dc.contributor.authorStammerjohn, Sharon
dc.contributor.authorThomalla, Sandy
dc.contributor.authorTrusel, Luke
dc.contributor.authorWille, Jonathan D.
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-22T16:18:45Z
dc.date.issued2025-08-14
dc.description.sponsorshipK. R. Clem and M. N. Raphael would like to acknowledge and thank Samuel Batzli, University of Wisconsin-Madison, for kindly producing the map shown in Fig. 6.1. Work at the California Institute of Technology’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory was done under contract with NASA. Support was also provided by the NASA Earth Science Division’s Modeling and Analysis Program and the Upper Atmospheric Research Program. We are indebted to the many NOAA Corps Officers and Global Monitoring Laboratory technical personnel, who spend the winters at South Pole Station to obtain the ongoing balloon and ground-based data sets. We also acknowledge the logistics support in Antarctica provided by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs.© 2024. All rights reserved. P. Reid and J. Lieser were supported through Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology, and R. Massom by the Australian Antarctic Division. The work of P. Reid and R. Massom also contributes to the Australian Government’s Australian Antarctic Partnership Program (AAPP). For R. Massom, this work was also supported by the Australian Research Council Special Research Initiative of the Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science (Project Number SR200100008). S. Stammerjohn was supported under NSF PLR–1552226; she also thanks the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research and the National Snow and Ice Data Center, both at the University of Colorado Boulder, for institutional and data support. The Southern Ocean Observing System is a joint international initiative of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR). L. P. Pezzi acknowledges support from the Brazilian Antarctic Program’s (PROANTAR) Antarctic Modeling and Observation System (ATMOS 2) project under the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)/PROANTAR award 440848/2023-7 and PQ 303981/2023-7. R. L. Beadling and J. Milward were supported under the NSF Division of Polar Programs Grant NSF2319828. S. Thomalla and T. J. Ryan-Keogh were supported through the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research’s (CSIR) Southern Ocean Carbon-Climate Observatory (SOCCO) Programme (http://socco.org.za/) funded by the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI/CON C3184/2023), the CSIR’s Parliamentary Grant (0000005278), and the National Research Foundation (SANAP23042496681; MCR210429598142). K. R. Clem acknowledges support from the Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Fund grant MFP-VUW2010.
dc.description.urihttps://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/106/8/BAMS-D-25-0087.1.xml
dc.format.extent44 pages
dc.genrejournal articles
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m2qszr-zqay
dc.identifier.citationRaphael, M. N., K. R. Clem, Mohamed Adjou, et al. “STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2024 Antarctica and the Southern Ocean.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 106, no. 8 (2025): S357–400. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0087.1.
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0087.1
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/41493
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAMS
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC GESTAR II
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Geography and Environmental Systems Department
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rights© Copyright [2025-08-14] American Meteorological Society (AMS). For permission to reuse any portion of this work, please contact permissions@ametsoc.org. Any use of material in this work that is determined to be “fair use” under Section 107 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 U.S. Code 107) or that satisfies the conditions specified in Section 108 of the U.S. Copyright Act (17 USC § 108) does not require the AMS’s permission. Republication, systematic reproduction, posting in electronic form, such as on a website or in a searchable database, or other uses of this material, except as exempted by the above statement, requires written permission or a license from the AMS. All AMS journals and monograph publications are registered with the Copyright Clearance Center (https://www.copyright.com). Additional details are provided in the AMS Copyright Policy statement, available on the AMS website (https://www.ametsoc.org/PUBSCopyrightPolicy).."
dc.titleSTATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2024 Antarctica and the Southern Ocean
dc.typeText
dcterms.creatorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9606-767X

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