Retrieval of Snow Water Equivalent by the Precipitation Imaging Package (PIP) in the Northern Great Lakes

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dc.contributor.authorTokay, Ali
dc.contributor.authorLerber, Annakaisa von
dc.contributor.authorPettersen, Claire
dc.contributor.authorKulie, Mark S.
dc.contributor.authorMoisseev, Dmitri N.
dc.contributor.authorWolff, David B.
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-05T18:33:54Z
dc.date.available2021-08-05T18:33:54Z
dc.date.issued2021-07-20
dc.description.abstractPerformance of the Precipitation Imaging Package (PIP) for estimating the snow water equivalent (SWE) is evaluated through a comparative study with the collocated National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service snow stake field measurements. The PIP together with a vertically pointing radar, a weighing bucket gauge, and a laser-optical disdrometer was deployed at the NWS Marquette, Michigan office building for a long-term field study supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Global Precipitation Measurement mission Ground Validation program. The site was also equipped with a weather station. During the 2017-18 winter, the PIP functioned nearly uninterrupted at frigid temperatures accumulating 2345.8 mm of geometric snow depth over a total of 499 hours. This long record consists of 30 events, and the PIP-retrieved and snow stake field measured SWE differed less than 15% in every event. Two of the major events with the longest duration and the highest accumulation are examined in detail. The particle mass with a given diameter was much lower during a shallow, colder, uniform lake-effect event than in the deep, less cold, and variable synoptic event. This study demonstrated that the PIP is a robust instrument for operational use, and is reliable for deriving the bulk properties of falling snow.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipComments from S. Joseph Munchak and Robert Meneghini of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Charles (Chip) Helms of Universities Space Research Association, Liang Liao of Morgan State University are highly appreciated. Discussions with Norm Wood of University of Wisconsin-Madison on PIP data processing was very helpful. Leo Pio D’Adderio of National Research Council of Italy provided Figure 1 of this study. Thanks to the National Weather Service in Marquette, Michigan for hosting and maintaining the suite of instruments used in this work and sharing meteorological data. Thanks to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Wallops Flight Facility and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) program for providing the PIP, Pluvio, and Parsivel instruments used in this work. Acknowledgments extend to three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This study is partially supported by the NASA award (80NCCS19M0139) under Patrick N. Gatlin of NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Principal Investigator. The instrument deployment and data processing for the observations from the Marquette, Michigan snowfall suite are supported by NASA grant number 80NSSC18K0701 and NOAA grant number NA15NES4320001. Claire Pettersen’s efforts on this work are supported by NASA grant number 80NSSC19K0712 and Mark Kulie’s efforts are supported by NASA PMM grant 80NSSC20K0982. Annakaisa von Lerber is funded by the Academy of Finland postdoctoral scholarship (333901). The scientific results and conclusions, as well as any views or opinions expressed herein, are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of NOAA or the Department of Commerce.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/atot/aop/JTECH-D-20-0216.1/JTECH-D-20-0216.1.xmlen_US
dc.format.extent67 pagesen_US
dc.genrejournal articlesen_US
dc.identifierdoi:10.13016/m26lji-itrz
dc.identifier.citationTokay, Ali et al.; Retrieval of Snow Water Equivalent by the Precipitation Imaging Package (PIP) in the Northern Great Lakes; Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 20 july, 2021; https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-20-0216.1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-20-0216.1
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11603/22318
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherAmerican Meteorological Societyen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtThe University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC)
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology
dc.relation.ispartofUMBC Faculty Collection
dc.rightsThis item is likely protected under Title 17 of the U.S. Copyright Law. Unless on a Creative Commons license, for uses protected by Copyright Law, contact the copyright holder or the author.en_US
dc.rightsPublic Domain Mark 1.0*
dc.rightsThis work was written as part of one of the author's official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 U.S.C. 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under U.S. Law.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/*
dc.titleRetrieval of Snow Water Equivalent by the Precipitation Imaging Package (PIP) in the Northern Great Lakesen_US
dc.typeTexten_US

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