The Relationship Between Public Transportation and HSPD-5: Are Public Transportation Agencies the Forgotten Element in NIMS

Abstract

ABSTRACT

The tragic events that transpired on September 11, 2001 (9/11), resulted in a myriad of changes within the United States that reshaped government agencies and created the Department of Homeland Security (Russell, Forest, & Moore, 2006, p. 112). A series of Homeland Security Presidential Directives (HSPD) were issued, including HSPD-5, Management of Domestic Incidents (GPO, 2008). HSPD-5 was implemented in phases and included the formulation of the National Incident Management System (NIMS), which is a new methodology that addresses and standardizes the manner in which emergency responders respond to and mitigate various types and levels of emergencies. Implementation included the financing needed for training, equipment, and exercises (FEMA, 2006).

Public transportation agencies are utilized as major elements in emergency planning within regions across the country, and are relied upon to be evacuation mechanisms for safety in time of turmoil and disaster; they have also been instrumental components in the mitigation of major incidents (APTA, 2007). Public transportation agencies have likewise been vulnerable to terrorist attacks over the past two decades (Council on Foreign Relations, 2006). Considering the vulnerability of public transportation to terrorism, and the fact they have been relied upon to aid in the preservation of life by evacuating citizens out of harm’s way, it would be natural to assume they would be key partners in the NIMS process. Utilizing a survey questionnaire, this evaluative research examines the attitudes and perceptions of transportation agency managers regarding how well they have been provided equipment, training, and financing needed for NIMS participation. It further examines collaboration efforts among public transportation agencies have to assess the integration as a NIMS partner. Key findings include the need for increased funding and training opportunities, along with the need for agencies to be more proactive in seeking funding and funding sources. Policy recommendations are identified to elevate NIMS participation and enhance national security.