Optimizing automated layer-by-layer deposition of engineered ECM-like microenvironments for mammalian cell culture

Abstract

An automated layer-by-layer (LbL) technique for creating extracellular matrix (ECM) mimetic microenvironments was developed using heparin and collagen coatings on cell culture microplates. By leveraging a liquid-handling robot, we achieved consistent and uniform coating deposition across multiple wells. Surface characterization confirmed coating homogeneity, and cell studies demonstrated significant improvements in cell viability. Human Schwann cells and mesenchymal stem cells showed approximately 160–170% increased viability compared to uncoated surfaces. The coatings remained stable for five months, highlighting the method's robustness. This approach offers a scalable, standardized platform for studying cell-material interactions in an ECM-like environment.