Lifetime Discrimination Burden, Racial Discrimination, and Subclinical Cerebrovascular Disease among African Americans
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Author/Creator ORCID
Date
2018-11-26
Type of Work
Department
Program
Citation of Original Publication
Moody, Danielle L. Beatty; Taylor, Antione D.; Leibel, Daniel K.; Al-Najjar, Elias; Katzel, Leslie I.; Davatzikos, Christos; Gullapalli, Rao P.; Seliger, Stephen L.; Kouo, Theresa; Erus, Guray; Rosenberger, William F.; Evans, Michele K.; Zonderman, Zonderman; Waldstein, Shari R.; Lifetime Discrimination Burden, Racial Discrimination, and Subclinical Cerebrovascular Disease among African Americans; Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association vol. 38,1 (2019): 63-74; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6483094/#__ffn_sectitle
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©American Psychological Association,2019. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. The final article is available, upon publication, at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2Fhea0000638.
©American Psychological Association,2019. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. The final article is available, upon publication, at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1037%2Fhea0000638.
Abstract
Explore interactive relations of lifetime discrimination burden and racial discrimination – chronic stressors among African Americans (AA) – and age with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-assessed white matter lesion volume (WMLV), a prognostic indicator of poor clinical brain health outcomes.
Methods:
AA (N= 71; 60.6% female, mean age = 50) participating in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) SCAN study underwent quantitative MRI coded for WMLV. Participants self-reported lifetime discrimination burden and racial discrimination approximately five years earlier. Multivariable regression models assessed interactions of linear and quadratic effects of discrimination and age with WMLV adjusted for sex and socioeconomic status.
Results:
Findings revealed significant interactive relations of age and (1) quadratic, lifetime discrimination burden, B = .05, p = .014, η²partial = .092, and (2) quadratic, racial discrimination, B = .03, p = .001, η²partial = .155 with WMLV. Among older AA, increases in lifetime discrimination burden and racial discrimination were associated with increases in WMLV (p’s < .03); in younger AA, decreasing levels of racial discrimination were related to increases in WMLV (p = .006).
Conclusions:
Among older AA, as lifetime discrimination burden and racial discrimination increased, so did WMLV. However, in younger AA, decreases in racial discrimination were associated with increased WMLV. Elucidation of complex mechanistic underpinnings, including potentially differential impacts of the acknowledgement versus suppression or underreporting of discriminatory experiences, among AA of different age cohorts, is critical to understanding the present pattern of findings.