Viscoelasticity Enhances Nanometer-Scale Slip in Gigahertz-Frequency Liquid Flows

Abstract

The interaction between flowing liquids and solid surfaces underpins many physical phenomena and technologies, such as the ability of an airfoil to generate lift and the mixing of liquids for industrial applications. These phenomena are often described using the Navier–Stokes equations and the no-slip boundary condition: the assumption that the liquid immediately adjacent to a solid surface does not move relative to the surface. Herein, we observe violation of the no-slip condition with strong enhancement of slip due to intrinsic viscoelasticity of the bulk liquid. This is achieved by measuring the 20 GHz acoustic vibrations of gold nanoparticles in glycerol/water mixtures, for which the underlying physics is explored using rigorous, theoretical models. The reported enhancement of slip revises current understanding of ultrafast liquid flows, with implications for technologies ranging from membrane filtration to nanofluidic devices and biomolecular sensing.